N'ihi ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịnọpụ iche na carbon, ịdị mfe aghọọla isi ihe dị mkpa maka mgbanwe na nkwalite nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Site na njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ pụrụ iche ya, aluminom ebiliwo site na "ọrụ nkwado" nke ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala gaa na "ihe atụmatụ" nke mmepụta ihe dị elu. Isiokwu a ga-ewepụ uru ọhụrụ nke ihe aluminom dị mfe site na akụkụ anọ: ụkpụrụ teknụzụ, uru arụmọrụ, ihe mgbochi ngwa, na ntụziaka n'ọdịnihu.

1, Isi teknụzụ nke ihe dị fechaa aluminom

Aluminom dị mfe abụghị naanị "ihe na-ebelata ibu", kama ọ bụ mmụba arụmọrụ nke e nwetara site na usoro teknụzụ atọ n'otu nke nhazi alloying, obere njikwa, na mmepụta usoro:

Ime ka ihe ndị e ji etinye ihe n'ime ihe sie ike: Ịtinye magnesium, silicon, ọla kọpa na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta usoro ndị na-eme ka ihe sie ike dịka Mg ₂ Si, Al ₂ Cu, wdg, iji mebie oke ike nrụgide nke 500MPa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, itinye magnesium, silicon, ọla kọpa na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta usoro ndị na-eme ka ihe sie ike dịka Mg ₂ Si, Al ₂ Cu, wdg.).6061-T6 alloy aluminum).

Nhazi Nanostructured: Site na iji teknụzụ siri ike ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ ngwakọta igwe, a na-ewebata nano precipitates n'ime matrix aluminom iji nweta mmezi synergistic na ike na ike.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ mgbanwe: Site na ijikọta mgbanwe plastik na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dịka ịtụgharị na ịkpụpụta, nha ọka ahụ na-adị mma ruo na ọkwa micrometer, na-eme ka njirimara igwe zuru oke dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'iji aluminom nke Tesla jikọtara ọnụ, ọ na-eji teknụzụ Gigacasting dị ukwuu iji tinye akụkụ 70 ọdịnala n'ime otu akụkụ, na-ebelata ibu site na 20% ebe ọ na-eme ka arụmọrụ mmepụta dịkwuo mma site na 90%, nke na-akwado uru na-emebi emebi nke mmepụta ihe jikọrọ usoro ihe.

2, Uru dị mkpa nke ihe aluminom dị fechaa

(1) Arụmọrụ dị mfe nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe

Uru njupụta: Njupụta nke aluminom bụ naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ígwè (2.7g/cm ³ vs 7.8g/cm ³), ọ nwekwara ike ime ka ibu belata ihe karịrị 60% na ọnọdụ nnọchi olu nhata. Ụgbọ ala eletrik BMW i3 nwere ahụ aluminom niile, na-ebelata ibu arọ site na 300kg ma na-abawanye oke site na 15%.

Oke ike pụrụ iche: Mgbe a na-atụle oke ike na ibu, ike kpọmkwem (ike/njupụta) nke alloy aluminom usoro 6 nwere ike iru 400MPa/(g/cm ³), karịa 200MPa/(g/cm ³) nke ígwè nkịtị na-enweghị carbon.

(2) Mmepe arụmọrụ dị iche iche

Nguzogide ire ere: Oyi akwa oxide aluminom dị oke arọ (Al ₂ O3) na-enye ihe ahụ ike iguzogide ire ere eke, ndụ ọrụ nke àkwà mmiri dị n'akụkụ osimiri nwere ike iru ihe karịrị afọ 50.

Ọgbakọ okpomọkụ: Ọgbakọ okpomọkụ ruru 237W/(m · K), nke bụ okpukpu atọ karịa ígwè, a na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na shei ọkụ nke ọdụ ntọala 5G.

Imegharịgharị: Ojiji ike nke mmepụta aluminom emegharịgharịrị bụ naanị 5% nke nke aluminom mbụ, a na-ebelatakwa ikuku carbon site na 95%, nke na-emezu mkpa nke akụ na ụba gburugburu.

(3) Ndakọrịta usoro

Nhazi mgbanwe: Dabara adaba maka usoro dị iche iche dịka stampụ, mkpụpụ, ịkpụpụta ihe, mbipụta 3D, wdg. Tesla Cybertruck na-eji ahụ stampụ efere aluminom a na-akpọ "cold-rolled plate stamping", na-ahazi ike na nnwere onwe ịme ihe nlereanya.

Teknụzụ njikọ tozuru okè: Ịgbado ọkụ CMT, ịgbado ọkụ esemokwu na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ tozuru okè na-eme ka a mata na ihe owuwu dị mgbagwoju anya nwere ike ịdabere na ha.

3, Ngwa nke ihe dị fechaa nke aluminom

(1) Ihe ịma aka akụ na ụba

Ọnụ ego dị elu nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ: A na-ejigide ọnụ ahịa aluminom ugboro atọ ma ọ bụ anọ karịa ọnụ ahịa ígwè kemgbe ogologo oge (ọnụ ahịa aluminom nkezi nke $2500/ton ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọnụ ahịa ígwè nke $800/ton na 2023), nke na-egbochi mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa ya.

Ọnụọgụ itinye ego na akụrụngwa: Ntinye ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe ruru tọn 6000, nke na-eri otu ngwa oru kariri nde yuan 30, nke siri ike maka obere na obere ulo oru ndi nwere obere ego.

(2) Mmachi arụmọrụ

Elu ụlọ siri ike: Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike iru 600MPa site na usoro nkwado, ọ ka dị ala karịa ígwè siri ike (1500MPa) na titanium alloy (1000MPa), na-egbochi ojiji ya n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike.

Nkwụsị okpomọkụ dị ala: N'ebe dị n'okpuru -20 ℃, ike mmetụta nke aluminom na-ebelata site na 40%, nke a ga-emeri site na mgbanwe alloy.

(3) Ihe mgbochi teknụzụ na nhazi

Ihe ịma aka njikwa nlọghachi: Mmalite nke stampụ efere aluminom dị okpukpu abụọ-3 karịa nke efere ígwè, nke chọrọ nhazi mmezi ebu ziri ezi.

Mgbagwoju anya nke ọgwụgwọ elu: Ọ na-esiri ike ijikwa otu ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nkiri anodized, nke na-emetụta mma na iguzogide nchara.

4, Ọnọdụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na atụmanya

(1) Ebe ndị tozuru okè maka itinye ihe

Ụgbọala ike ọhụrụ: NIO ES8 ahụ aluminom niile na-ebelata ibu site na 30%, yana ike torsional nke 44900Nm/deg; Ejiri aluminom mee tray batrị Ningde Times CTP, nke na-eme ka njupụta ike dịkwuo elu site na 15%.

Ụgbọelu: 40% nke nhazi nke Airbus A380 fuselage bụ nke ejiri aluminum lithium alloy mee, na-ebelata ibu site na tọn 1.2; Tankị mmanụ nke ụgbọ elu SpaceX bụ nke ígwè anaghị agba nchara 301 mere, mana nhazi ahụ roket ka na-eji aluminum alloy 2024-T3 nke ukwuu.

Ụgbọ okporo ígwè: N700S bogie nke Shinkansen nke Japan na-eji ihe e ji aluminom mee eme ihe, na-ebelata ibu site na 11% ma na-eme ka ike ọgwụgwụ dịkwuo ogologo oge site na 30%.

(2) Ụzọ nwere ike isi mee ya

Tankị nchekwa hydrogen: Tankị nchekwa hydrogen nke usoro 5000 nke aluminum magnesium alloy nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide dị elu nke 70MPa ma ghọọla akụkụ dị mkpa nke ụgbọala sel mmanụ.

Ngwa Eletrọniki Ndị Ahịa: MacBook Pro nwere ahụ aluminom nke nwere otu akụkụ nke na-ejigide nha ihuenyo na ahụ 90% na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 1.2mm.

(3) Ụzọ ọhụrụ ga-esi aga n'ihu

Mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ: Ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon nke e ji aluminom mee (6061/CFRP) nwetara ọganihu abụọ n'ike na ịdị fechaa, nku Boeing 777X na-ejikwa ihe a belata ibu site na 10%.

Nrụpụta nwere ọgụgụ isi: Sistemụ njikarịcha paramita nke AI na-eji na-ebelata ọnụego mkpofu site na 8% ruo 1.5%.

5, Mmechi: "Ịgbaji" na "ịkwụsi ike" nke ihe aluminom dị fechaa

Ihe dị mfe aluminom dị n'akụkụ mgbanwe nke teknụzụ na mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe:

Site na mgbanwe ihe ruo na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na sistemụ: Uru ya adịghị naanị na mbelata ibu, kamakwa n'ịkwalite nhazi usoro nke usoro mmepụta (dịka ịkpụ ihe eji agbakọta) na nhazi ngwaahịa (nhazi modular).

Nhazi dị n'etiti ọnụ ahịa na arụmọrụ: Site na ọganihu nke teknụzụ imegharị ihe (oke nke aluminom emegharịgharịrị karịrị 50%) na mmepụta buru ibu (ike mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị egwu nke Tesla na-abawanye), mgbanwe akụ na ụba nwere ike ime ngwa ngwa.

Mgbanwe dị n'usoro mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ: Mbelata nke carbon nke tọn aluminom ọ bụla n'oge ndụ ya na-ebelata site na 85% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè, nke na-emezu mkpa mgbanwe obere carbon nke usoro ọkọnọ zuru ụwa ọnụ.

N'ihi amụma dịka ọnụego ịbanye n'ime ụgbọala ike ọhụrụ gafere 40% na mmejuputa ụtụ isi carbon n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọelu, ụlọ ọrụ aluminom dị mfe na-agbanwe site na "teknụzụ nhọrọ" gaa na "nhọrọ a na-amanye". Mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe a nke lekwasịrị anya na ihe ọhụrụ ga-emecha gbanwee ókèala nghọta mmadụ banyere "ibu" ma webata oge ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị irè ma dị ọcha.