Nā te whāinga ā-ao o te kore waro, kua noho te whakamama i te taumaha hei kaupapa matua mō te whakarerekētanga me te whakapai ake i te umanga hanga. Nā ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū ahurei, kua peke te konumohe mai i te "tūranga tautoko" o te umanga tuku iho ki te "rauemi rautaki" o te hanga kounga teitei. Ka wetewetehia e tēnei tuhinga te uara auaha o ngā rauemi konumohe māmā mai i ngā taha e whā: ngā mātāpono hangarau, ngā painga mahi, ngā aukati tono, me ngā ahunga whakamua.

1, Te uho hangarau o ngā rauemi konumohe mama

Ehara te konumohe māmā i te "rauemi whakaiti taumaha" noa iho, engari he pikinga mahi kua tutukihia mā te pūnaha hangarau toru-i-te-kotahi o te hoahoa koranu, te whakahaere moroiti, me te auahatanga tukanga:

Te whakapakari i te tāpiritanga huānga: Te tāpiri i te konupūmā, te silicon, te parahi me ētahi atu huānga hei hanga i ngā wāhanga whakapakari pēnei i te Mg₂ Si, Al₂ Cu, me ētahi atu, hei pakaru i te paepae kaha kume o te 500MPa (pēnei ikoranu konumohe 6061-T6).

Te whakahaere hanganga nano: Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakapakeketanga tere, te whakakotahitanga ā-ringa rānei, ka whakaurua ngā matū nano ki roto i te anga konumohe hei whakatutuki i te whakapainga tahi o te kaha me te pakari.

Tukanga maimoatanga wera whakarerekētanga: Mā te whakakotahi i te whakarerekētanga kirihou me ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera pēnei i te hurihuri me te hanga, ka whakatikatikaina te rahi o te witi ki te taumata maikiromita, ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini whānui.

Hei tauira, ko te konumohe whakarewa-mate whakauru a Tesla e whakamahi ana i te hangarau whakarewa-mate nui a Gigacasting hei whakauru i ngā wāhanga 70 tuku iho ki roto i te wāhanga kotahi, ka whakaitihia te taumaha mā te 20% me te whakapai ake i te pai o te hanga mā te 90%, e whakaū ana i te uara whakararuraru o te auahatanga mahi tahi o ngā tukanga rauemi.

2, Ngā painga matua o ngā rauemi konumohe mama

（1） Te pai o te mama e kore e taea te whakakapi

Painga mātotoru: Ko te mātotoru o te konumohe he kotahi hautoru noa iho i te mātotoru o te maitai (2.7g/cm³ vs 7.8g/cm³), ā, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te taumaha neke atu i te 60% i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakakapinga rahinga ōrite. He konumohe katoa te tinana o te motuka hiko BMW i3, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha o te taha maui mā te 300kg me te whakanui ake i te whānuitanga o te oma mā te 15%.

Te ōwehenga kaha tino pai: Ina whakaarohia te ōwehenga kaha ki te taumaha, ka taea e te kaha motuhake (kaha/kiato) o te koranu konumohe raupapa-6 te eke ki te 400MPa/(g/cm³), e hipa ana i te 200MPa/(g/cm³) o te maitai waro-iti noa.

（2） Te putanga hou o te mahi maha-ahu

Ātete ki te waikura: Mā te paparanga konumohe waikura matotoru (Al₂O3) ka ātete te rauemi ki te waikura, ā, ka taea e te roanga mahi o ngā piriti i ngā takutai moana te neke atu i te 50 tau.

Te kawe wera: Ka eke te tauwehenga kawe wera ki te 237W/(m · K), e toru ngā wā e nui ake ana i te maitai, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te anga whakamarara wera o ngā teihana turanga 5G.

Te āheinga ki te hangarua: Ko te whakapaunga pūngao o te hanga konumohe hangarua he 5% noa iho i tērā o te konumohe tuatahi, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga waro mā te 95%, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te ōhanga porowhita.

（3） Te hototahitanga o ngā tukanga

Ngāwari te hanga: He pai mō ngā momo tukanga pēnei i te tā, te whakaputa, te hanga, te tā 3D, me ētahi atu. Ka whakamahia e te Tesla Cybertruck te tinana tā pereti konumohe hurihuri-matao, e whakataurite ana i te kaha me te herekoretanga whakatauira.

Hangarau hononga pakeke: Mā te whakarewa CMT, te whakarewa waku me ētahi atu hangarau pakeke ka whakarite i te pono o ngā hanganga uaua.

3, Te aukati tono o ngā rauemi konumohe mama

（1） Ngā wero ōhanga

Te utu nui o ngā rauemi: Kua roa te wā e mau tonu ana ngā utu konumohe ki te 3-4 ngā wā teitei ake i te utu o te maitai (ko te utu toharite mō te ingota konumohe he $2500/tana, me te utu maitai he $800/tana i te tau 2023), ā, ka ārai tēnei i te rongonuitanga nui.

Paepae haumi taputapu: Ko te whakarewatanga matū whakauru me tāuta he mīhini whakarewa matū tino nui neke atu i te 6000 tana te taumaha, ā, ko te utu mō te taputapu kotahi neke atu i te 30 miriona yuan, he mea uaua ki te utu mā ngā pakihi iti me te rahi-rahi.

（2） Ngā herenga mahi

Te tuanui kaha: Ahakoa ka taea te eke ki te 600MPa mā ngā tikanga whakapakari, he iti iho tonu i te maitai kaha-teitei (1500MPa) me te koranu titanium (1000MPa), ka whakawhāiti i tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi taumaha.

Te pakarukaru o te pāmahana iti: I ngā taiao i raro iho i te -20 ℃, ka heke te pakari o te pānga o te konumohe mā te 40%, me whakakore tēnei mā te whakarerekētanga koranu.

（3） Ngā arai hangarau ki te tukatuka

Te wero o te whakahaere i te pekepeke: Ko te kaha o te tā pereti konumohe e 2-3 ngā wā i tērā o te pereti maitai, me te hiahia kia tika te hoahoa whakakapinga pokepokea ai.

Te uaua o te maimoatanga mata: He uaua ki te whakahaere i te ōritetanga o te matotoru o te kiriata anodized, ka pā ki te ataahua me te ātete ki te waikura.

4, Te tūnga tono ahumahi me ngā tūmanakohanga

（1） Ngā wāhi tono kua pakeke

Ngā waka pūngao hou: Ka whakaitihia te taumaha e te tinana konumohe katoa o NIO ES8 mā te 30%, me te pakari hurihuri o te 44900Nm/deg; He konumohe te papa pākahiko Ningde Times CTP, e whakanui ana i te kiato pūngao mā te 15%.

Rererangi: 40% o te hanganga o te tinana o te Airbus A380 he mea hanga ki te konumohe konukōre lithium, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha mā te 1.2 tana; Ko ngā tāke wahie o ngā kaipuke whetu SpaceX he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira 301, engari kei te whakamahia tonutia te konumohe konukōre 2024-T3 i roto i te hanganga tinana roketi.

Te Waka Rerewē: Kei roto i te bogie N700S o te Shinkansen o Hapani he konumohe whakarewa, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha mā te 11% me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te ngenge mā te 30%.

（2） Ara pea

Tāke rokiroki hauwai: Ka taea e te tāke rokiroki hauwai konumohe konupora koranu raupapa 5000 te tu atu i te pēhanga teitei o te 70MPa, ā, kua waiho hei wāhanga matua o ngā waka pūtau wahie.

Hikohiko Kaihoko: He tinana konumohe kotahi te wāhanga o te MacBook Pro, ā, he 90% te ōwehenga o te mata ki te tinana, ā, he 1.2mm te matotoru.

（3） Te ahunga whakamua ā muri ake nei

Auahatanga hiato: Ka tutuki i te rauemi hiato muka waro konumohe (6061/CFRP) he putanga rua o te kaha me te mama, ā, ka whakamahia e te parirau Boeing 777X tēnei rauemi hei whakaiti i te taumaha mā te 10%.

Te hanga atamai: Ka whakaitihia e te pūnaha arotautanga tawhā whakarewa-mate e whakahaerehia ana e te AI te tere para mai i te 8% ki te 1.5%.

5, Whakamutunga: Te "pakaru" me te "tū" o ngā rauemi konumohe mama

Kei te tū ngā rauemi konumohe mama ki te wāhi e honoa ai te hurihanga hangarau me te panonitanga ahumahi:

Mai i te whakakapinga rauemi ki te auahatanga pūnaha: Ko tōna uara ehara i te mea ko te whakaiti taumaha anake, engari ko te whakatairanga i te hanganga pūnaha o ngā tukanga hangahanga (pēnei i te whakarewatanga mate whakauru) me te hoahoa hua (hoahoa modular).

Te taurite hihiri i waenga i te utu me te mahi: I te whanaketanga o te hangarau hangarua (neke atu i te 50% te ōwehenga o te konumohe hangarua) me te whakaputanga tauine nui (ka piki ake te kaha whakaputa o te wheketere whakarewa-mate nui a Tesla), tera pea ka tere ake te huringa ōhanga.

Te panonitanga tauira o te hanga matomato: Ka whakaitihia te tapuwae waro o ia tana o te konumohe puta noa i tōna huringa ora mā te 85% ki te whakaritea ki te maitai, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia panoni waro-iti o te mekameka tuku o te ao.

Nā ngā kaupapa here pēnei i te tere urunga o ngā waka hiko hou e neke atu ana i te 40% me te whakatinanatanga o ngā utu waro i roto i te umanga rererangi, kei te whanake te umanga konumohe mama mai i te "hangarau kōwhiringa" ki te "kōwhiringa whakahau". Mā tēnei hurihanga ahumahi e aro ana ki te auahatanga rauemi ka huri anō i ngā rohe o te māramatanga tangata ki te "taumaha" ā, ka arahi i tētahi wā hou o te umanga whai hua me te ma.