Kapangidwe ka njira: njira yomveka bwino kuchokera ku "mphekesera" kupita ku "mabetcha olemera"

Kapangidwe ka makampani opanga aluminiyamu ku Qingshan ku Indonesia kapanga kusiyana komveka bwino:

1. Mphamvu zomwe zilipo: Huaqing Aluminum Industry, yomwe imagwirizana ndi Huafeng Group, yomwe ili ku Qingshan Park ku Morowali, Indonesia, ili ndi mphamvu zopanga matani 500000 a aluminiyamu yamagetsi mu gawo loyamba, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2024, ndipo gawo lachiwiri lili pagawo lokwera. Pa Meyi 7, 2026, Qing Shan adapempha mwalamulo kuti aphatikizepo zitsulo za aluminiyamu kuchokera ku paki mu kampani yotumiza zinthu ya London Metal Exchange (LME), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zake zilowe m'dongosolo loyendera padziko lonse lapansi.

2. Zosintha zaposachedwa: Mu Epulo 2026, Qingshan ikukonzekera kumanga pulojekiti ya aluminiyamu yamagetsi ya matani 800000 ku Weida Bay Industrial Park ku North Maluku Province, Indonesia, ndi ndalama zokwana madola pafupifupi 3 biliyoni aku US (oposa 20 biliyoni RMB) ndikuthandizira magetsi odzipangira okha. Pakadali pano, Xidian Zhongte wapambana mpikisano wa oda yoyamba ya rectifier transformer, ndipo pulojekitiyi yalowa mu gawo lokonzekera.

3. Ndondomeko ya nthawi yayitali: Ngati mgwirizano ndi mabungwe monga Xinfa Group uphatikizidwa, mphamvu yonse yopangira aluminiyamu yamagetsi ku Qingshan ku Indonesia yapitirira matani 2.6 miliyoni, ndi cholinga chopangitsa Indonesia kukhala "likulu lake lachiwiri la aluminiyamu".

Cholinga cha njira: Kuswa maunyolo ndi kubwerezabwereza machitidwe

Mfundo yaikulu ya Qingshan Cross border Aluminum Industry si kungopanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zitatu kutengera mphamvu ya zinthu, malamulo oletsa zinthu, ndi njira zamabizinesi.

1. Kudutsa mu "denga" lapakhomo ndi zoletsa mphamvu: Mphamvu zopangira aluminiyamu yapakhomo ya electrolytic ili ndi malire pa mzere wofiira wa matani 45 miliyoni, ndipo mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ziwiri ikukhwima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwonjezera mphamvu zatsopano zopangira. Aluminiyamu ya electrolytic ndi "nyalugwe wamagetsi", ndipo ndalama zamagetsi zimapitirira 30%. Mtengo wamagetsi apakhomo ndi wokwera, koma Qingshan ku Indonesia ikhoza kuwongolera ndalama zonse pamlingo wopikisana kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zodzipangira zokha kapena magetsi otsika mtengo ochokera ku ma gridi odzipatula, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yake ya "kusokoneza makampani ndi mtengo wotsika" m'munda wachitsulo cha nickel nthawi imeneyo.

2. Kubwerezabwereza kwabwino kwa "Qingshan Model": Kupambana kwa Qingshan ku Indonesia kuli mu chitsanzo chake cholumikizidwa cha "kusungunula malo osungiramo migodi". Makampani opanga aluminiyamu ndi nickel ali ndi zinthu zofanana kwambiri m'mafakitale: zinthu zomwe zilipo (Indonesia ili ndi zinthu zambiri za bauxite padziko lonse lapansi komanso zofunikira pa "kukonza pamalopo") ndi zotsatira za malo osungiramo migodi (pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale za IMIP ndi IWIP, mafakitale atsopano a aluminiyamu amatha kugawana madoko, malo opangira magetsi, ndi malo okhala, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogulira ndi zogwirira ntchito).

3. Kupanga ufumu wachitsulo cha "nickel aluminum dual core": kuteteza ku zoopsa za single (kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya nickel ya LME kumapangitsa kuti izidziwa zoopsa za single metal, kuyika makampani a aluminiyamu kungathandize kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito) ndi mgwirizano watsopano wamagetsi (aluminium ikufunika kwambiri m'malo monga magetsi atsopano amagetsi ndi mafelemu a photovoltaic, ndipo Qingshan ili ndi mabizinesi a batri monga Ruipu Lanjun. Kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu kangapange mgwirizano ndi unyolo watsopano wamakampani amagetsi).

Zotsatira za Makampani: Kodi ndi “Nsomba za Mphaka” kapena “Chipembere Chotuwa”?

Zotsatira za kulowa kwa Qingshan mumakampani opanga aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi ndi za kapangidwe kake ndipo ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro a nthawi yayitali komanso a nthawi yochepa.

1. Ponena za mitengo ya aluminiyamu: Kupanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali kumaposa mphamvu ya kanthawi kochepa

Kwa kanthawi kochepa (chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri): Zotsatira zochepa. Ntchito ya ku Indonesia ikukumana ndi mavuto monga mavuto a magetsi (kumanga mafakitale opanga magetsi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera mphamvu yosungunulira) ndi chithandizo cha mayendedwe, ndipo kutulutsa kwenikweni kumafuna nthawi. Ndipo pakadali pano, mphamvu yopangira yomwe ikukonzekera makamaka ndi yolowa m'malo mwa kuchepetsa kwapakhomo, osati kungowonjezera pang'onopang'ono.

Kwa nthawi yayitali (zaka 3-5): kutsika mtengo. Mphamvu yopangira matani 2.6 miliyoni + yotsika mtengo yomwe Qingshan idabweretsa idzakulitsa kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikufanana ndi momwe chitsulo cha nickel cha ku Indonesia chinakhudzira msika wa nickel padziko lonse lapansi m'mbuyomu, zomwe zidzachepetsa mitengo ya aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi ndikuchepetsa phindu la madera okwera mtengo (monga Europe ndi China, omwe amadalira pang'ono mphamvu yopangira magetsi).

2. Pa Maonekedwe a Makampani: Kusintha Unyolo Wopereka Zinthu Padziko Lonse

Kukwera kwa Indonesia: Makampani aku China monga Qingshan ndi Hongqiao akuyika ndalama zambiri ku Indonesia, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti kusinthaku kuchokere ku "dziko lotumiza kunja bauxite" kupita ku "dziko lopanga aluminiyamu yamagetsi". M'tsogolomu, Southeast Asia ikhoza kukhala malo ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi operekera aluminiyamu, kusintha momwe zinthu zilili pano zomwe zikulamulidwa ndi Middle East ndi China.

Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka malonda: Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu zopangira ku Indonesia, Chinakukonza aluminiyamuMakampani ang'onoang'ono angatumize zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena madzi a aluminiyamu kuchokera ku Indonesia, ndipo mpikisano wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu zotumizidwa kunja udzachepa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mitengo.

Chenjezo la Zoopsa: 'Lupanga la Damocles' lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe

Kuopsa kwa mfundo: Ndondomeko za boma la Indonesia zikusintha nthawi zonse (monga momwe zinalili kale poletsa kutumiza kunja kwa miyala ya nickel), ndipo tifunika kukhala maso pa kusintha kwake kuzinthu zotumiza kunja kwa bauxite kapena mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito za smelting.

Kupanikizika kwa ESG: Makampani ambiri a aluminiyamu aku Indonesia ali ndi mafakitale opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi malasha, omwe angakumane ndi mitengo ya kaboni kapena zoletsa zachuma chifukwa cha kusalowererapo kwa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuwonjezera ndalama zosatsimikizika.

Chidule

Makampani opanga aluminiyamu ku Qingshan Cross border ndi chisankho chosapeŵeka cha makampani akuluakulu azinthu zomwe zikuvutitsidwa ndi mfundo. Amayang'ana kwambiri pa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zinthu ndi mphamvu" zikhale zofanana ndi mafakitale a aluminiyamu ndi nickel, komanso kutsika kwa mtengo ku Indonesia. Kwa makampani opanga aluminiyamu, izi zikutanthauza kutsegulidwa kwa nthawi yotsika mtengo komanso kukweza zopinga za mpikisano. Ogulitsa mafakitale ayenera kukhala maso za kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu zotsika mtengo zomwe zidzachepetse mitengo, komanso kulabadira momwe kukwera kwa zinthu za aluminiyamu ku Indonesia kumakhudzira kusiyana kwa mitengo m'madera osiyanasiyana. Gawo ili la Qing Shan siloyambitsa mavuto, koma kuchepetsa kukonza ndi kusokoneza.