Moralo oa maano: tsela e hlakileng ho tloha ho "mashano" ho ea ho "libeche tse boima"

Moralo oa indasteri ea aluminium ea Qingshan Indonesia o thehile karolo e hlakileng:

1. Bokgoni ba tlhahiso bo teng: Indasteri ea Aluminium ea Huaqing, e leng khoebo e kopanetsoeng le Huafeng Group, e fumanehang Qingshan Park ea Morowali, Indonesia, e na le bokhoni ba tlhahiso ba lithane tse 500000 tsa aluminium ea electrolytic mohatong oa pele, o ileng oa qala ho sebetsa ka 2024, 'me mohato oa bobeli o boemong ba ho hloa. Ka la 7 Mots'eanong, 2026, Qing Shan e ile ea etsa kopo ea semmuso ea ho kenyelletsa li-ingot tsa aluminium tse tsoang serapeng sa boikhathollo lets'oeng la ho tlisa la London Metal Exchange (LME), e leng se tšoaeang ho kena ha semmuso ha lihlahisoa tsa eona tsamaisong ea potoloho ea lefats'e.

2. Ntlafatso ea morao-rao: Ka Mmesa 2026, Qingshan e rera ho haha ​​​​projeke ea aluminium ea electrolytic ea lithane tse 800000 Lefapheng la Liindasteri la Weida Bay Profinseng ea North Maluku, Indonesia, ka matsete a kakaretso a lidolara tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 3 tsa Amerika (ho feta RMB e limilione tse likete tse 20) le ho tšehetsa lifeme tsa motlakase tse ikemetseng. Hona joale, Xidian Zhongte e hapile tefiso ea odara ea transformer ea rectifier ea mohato oa pele, 'me projeke e se e kene mohatong oa ho lokisa oa bohlokoa.

3. Morero oa nako e telele: Haeba likhoebo tse kopanetsoeng le balekane ba kang Xinfa Group li kenyelelitsoe, bokhoni bohle ba tlhahiso bo reriloeng ba Qingshan ba aluminium ea electrolytic Indonesia bo feta lithane tse limilione tse 2.6, ka sepheo sa ho etsa Indonesia "motse-moholo oa eona oa bobeli oa aluminium".

Tšusumetso ea maano: Ho roba maqhama le ho ikatisa mekhoa

Mokhoa oa ho nahana oa Indasteri ea Aluminium ea moeli oa Qingshan Cross ha se feela ho fapanyetsana, empa ke ho rarahana ha tharo ho thehiloeng holim'a matla a mehloli, lithibelo tsa leano le mehlala ea khoebo.

1. Ho phunyeletsa "siling" ea lapeng le lithibelo tsa matla: Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea aluminium ea electrolytic ea lapeng bo lekanyelitsoe ka tieo moleng o mofubelu oa lithane tse limilione tse 45, 'me leano la taolo ea tšebeliso ea matla habeli le ntse le thatafala, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho eketsa bokhoni bo bocha ba tlhahiso. Aluminium ea electrolytic ke "nkoe ea motlakase", ka litšenyehelo tsa motlakase tse fetang 30%. Litšenyehelo tsa motlakase oa gridi ea lapeng li phahame, empa Qingshan Indonesia e ka laola litšenyehelo tsohle boemong ba tlholisano e phahameng ka ho sebelisa motlakase o sebelisoang ke mashala kapa motlakase o theko e tlase o tsoang ligriding tse arohaneng, e leng se lumellanang le mohopolo oa eona oa "ho sitisa indasteri ka litšenyehelo tse tlase" tšimong ea tšepe ea nickel nakong eo.

2. Pheta-pheto e phethahetseng ea "Mohlala oa Qingshan": Katleho ea Qingshan Indonesia e itšetlehile ka mohlala oa eona o kopaneng oa "ho qhibilihisa serapa sa merafo". Liindasteri tsa aluminium le nickel li na le litšobotsi tse tšoanang haholo tsa indasteri: mehloli e teng (Indonesia e na le mehloli e mengata ea bauxite ea lefats'e le litlhoko tsa leano bakeng sa "ts'ebetso ea sebakeng seo") le litlamorao tsa serapa (ho sebelisoa meralo ea motheo ea serapa sa IMIP le IWIP e teng, lifeme tse ncha tsa aluminium li ka arolelana likou, lifeme tsa motlakase le libaka tsa bolulo, li fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa matsete le ts'ebetso).

3. Ho aha 'muso oa tšepe oa "nickel aluminium dual core": ho sireletsa khahlanong le likotsi tse le 'ngoe (ho feto-fetoha ha theko ea nickel ea LME ho etsa hore e ele hloko likotsi tsa litšepe tse le 'ngoe, ho beha indasteri ea aluminium ho ka nolofatsa ho feto-fetoha ha ts'ebetso) le tšebelisano-'moho e ncha ea matla (aluminium e na le tlhoko e matla libakeng tse kang ho besa mabone a likoloi tse ncha tsa matla le liforeimi tsa photovoltaic, 'me Qingshan e na le likhoebo tsa betri tse kang Ruipu Lanjun. Sebopeho sa aluminium se ka theha phello ea tšebelisano-'moho le ketane e ncha ea indasteri ea matla).

Tšusumetso ea Indasteri: Na ke "Catfish" kapa "Putsoa e Putsoa"?

Tšusumetso ea ho kena ha Qingshan indastering ea aluminium 'marakeng oa lefats'e oa aluminium ke ea sebopeho 'me e hloka ho khetholloa ponong ea nako e telele le ea nako e khuts'oane.

1. Mabapi le litheko tsa aluminium: Khatello e mpe ea nako e telele e feta tšusumetso ea nako e khuts'oane

Nako e kgutshwane (dilemo tse 1-2): Tshusumetso e fokolang. Morero wa Indonesia o tobane le diphephetso tse kang ditshitiso tsa motlakase (kaho ya dipolante tsa motlakase tse ikemetseng hangata e salla morao bokgoning ba ho qhibilihisa) le tshehetso ya thepa, mme tokollo ya nnete ya tlhahiso e hloka nako. Mme hajwale, bokgoni bo rerilweng ba tlhahiso bo boholo ke ho nkela phokotso ya lehae sebaka, eseng feela ka keketseho.

Nako e telele (lilemo tse 3-5): ho theoha butle. Bokgoni ba tlhahiso ba ditone tse dimilione tse 2.6+bokgoni ba theko e tlase bo tlisitsweng ke Qingshan bo tla ntlafatsa haholo ho tenyetseha ha phepelo ya aluminium lefatsheng ka bophara. Sena se tshwana le tshusumetso ya tshepe ya nickel ya Indonesia mmarakeng wa lefatshe ka bophara wa nickel nakong e fetileng, e tla hatella setsi sa theko ya aluminium lefatsheng ka bophara le ho hatella meedi ya phaello ya dibaka tse nang le theko e hodimo (tse kang Yuropa le China, tse itshetlehileng ka karolo e itseng bokgoning ba tlhahiso ya matla a gridi).

2. Mabapi le Sebaka sa Indasteri: Ho Bopa Bocha Ketane ea Phepelo ea Lefatše

Ho Hola ha Indonesia: Likhamphani tsa Chaena tse kang Qingshan le Hongqiao li tsetela haholo Indonesia, li khanna phetoho ea eona ho tloha "naheng e romellang bauxite kantle ho naha" ho ea "naheng e hlahisang aluminium ea electrolytic". Nakong e tlang, Asia Boroa-bochabela e ka ba motheo oa bohlokoa oa phepelo ea aluminium lefatšeng ka bophara, e fetola mokhoa oa hona joale o laoloang ke Bochabela bo Hare le Chaena.

Liphetoho phallong ea khoebo: Ka ho lokolloa ha bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea Indonesia, Machaenats'ebetso ea aluminiumLikhoebo li ka 'na tsa reka li-ingot tse ngata tsa aluminium kapa metsi a aluminium ho tsoa Indonesia, 'me tlholisano ea ho romelloa ha li-ingot tsa aluminium malapeng e tla fokola ka lebaka la liphapang tsa litšenyehelo.

Temoso ea Kotsi: 'Sabole ea Damocles' e ke keng ea hlokomolohuoa

Kotsi ea leano: Maano a mmuso oa Indonesia a lula a fetoha (joalo ka thibelo ea pele ea ho romela kantle ho naha ea nickel ore), 'me re hloka ho ba hlokolosi ka liphetoho tsa eona mabapi le ho romela kantle ho naha bauxite kapa maano a ts'ebetso ea ho qhibilihisa.

Khatello ea ESG: Lifeme tse ngata tsa aluminium tsa Indonesia li na le lifeme tsa motlakase tse iketselitseng tse sebelisang mashala, tse ka 'nang tsa tobana le litefiso tsa khabone kapa lithibelo tsa lichelete maemong a ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone lefatšeng ka bophara, e leng se eketsang litšenyehelo tse sa tobang.

Kakaretso

Indasteri ea Aluminium ea moeli oa Qingshan Cross ke khetho e ke keng ea qojoa bakeng sa linatla tsa mehloli tse tlas'a thibelo ea leano. E shebana le litšobotsi tse peli tse khannang tsa "mehloli le matla" tse tšoanang le liindasteri tsa aluminium le nickel, hammoho le ho fokotseha ha litšenyehelo Indonesia. Bakeng sa indasteri ea aluminium, sena se bolela ho buloa ha nako e theko e tlase le ho phahamisoa ha litšitiso tsa tlholisano. Batseteli ba indasteri ba hloka ho ba hlokolosi ka tokollo ea nakong e tlang ea bokhoni ba tlhahiso bo theko e tlase bo tla hatella litheko, ha ba ntse ba ela hloko tšusumetso ea phallo ea aluminium ingot ea Indonesia ho phapang ea litheko tsa libaka. Mohato ona oa Qing Shan ha se ho baka moferefere, empa ke ho fokotsa tlhokomelo le ho teraeka.