In the vast landscape of aluminum alloys, 3004 aluminum plate stands out as a workhorse, celebrated for its balanced mechanical properties, excellent formability, and cost-effectiveness. As a key member of the 3000-series aluminum alloys (manganese as the primary alloying element), it has become an indispensable material in diverse industrial sectors, from packaging to construction. This article delves into the precise composition, outstanding performance characteristics, and wide-ranging applications of 3004 aluminum plate, providing a comprehensive guide for manufacturers, engineers, and procurement professionals seeking reliable material solutions.

1. Chemical Composition: The Foundation of 3004 Aluminum Plate’s Performance

The superior properties of 3004 aluminum plate originate from its well-designed chemical composition, which adheres to international standards such as ASTM B209 and EN 573-3. Unlike pure aluminum, which lacks strength, 3004 alloy achieves a balance of ductility and rigidity through controlled addition of alloying elements.

The typical chemical composition (by weight) is as follows:

- Aluminum (Al): 95.0% – 97.0% (base metal, ensuring lightweight and corrosion resistance)

- Manganese (Mn): 1.0% – 1.5% (primary alloying element, enhancing strength and workability without compromising formability)

- Magnesium (Mg): 0.8% – 1.3% (synergizes with manganese to improve tensile strength and fatigue resistance)

- Iron (Fe): Maximum 0.7% (trace impurity, controlled to avoid brittleness)

- Silicon (Si): Maximum 0.3% (minimized to prevent the formation of brittle intermetallic phases)

- Copper (Cu): Maximum 0.25%, Zinc (Zn): Maximum 0.25% (trace elements, strictly limited to maintain corrosion resistance)

This composition is not arbitrary. Manganese, for instance, forms fine precipitates in the aluminum matrix, which hinder dislocation movement during deformation—boosting strength while keeping the alloy ductile. Magnesium further refines these precipitates, elevating the alloy’s ability to withstand repeated stress, a critical feature for applications like beverage cans.

2. Key Properties: Why 3004 Aluminum Plate Is a Preferred Choice

3004 aluminum plate’s popularity stems from its unique combination of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, making it adaptable to both forming-intensive and performance-driven scenarios.

Mechanical Properties

- Tensile Strength: 170 – 220 MPa (annealed state: ~170 MPa; H14 temper: ~200 MPa; H18 temper: ~220 MPa). This range allows it to bear moderate loads without deformation, suitable for structural components like signboards and paneling.

- Yield Strength: 100 – 180 MPa (varies by temper). The H18 temper, with a yield strength of ~180 MPa, is ideal for parts requiring shape retention after forming.

- Elongation (in 50mm): 15% – 25% (annealed state: ~25%; H18 temper: ~15%). High elongation means the alloy can be bent, rolled, or deep-drawn into complex shapes—such as beverage can bodies—without cracking.

- Hardness (Brinell): 45 – 60 HB. Moderate hardness ensures wear resistance for surfaces exposed to light friction, like battery casings.

Physical & Chemical Properties

- Density: 2.73 g/cm³. Same as most aluminum alloys, it offers lightweight advantages—critical for transportation and packaging, where weight reduction cuts costs and energy consumption.

- Thermal Conductivity: 180 W/(m·K) at 20°C. Efficient heat transfer makes it suitable for heat exchangers in small appliances.

- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent, especially in atmospheric and mild chemical environments. The alloy forms a dense, adherent oxide layer (Al₂O₃) on its surface, preventing further oxidation. It also resists corrosion from water, weak acids, and alkalis, making it suitable for outdoor applications like roofing.

- Weldability: Good, compatible with methods like TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding. Welded joints retain sufficient strength for non-critical structural uses.

- Formability: Exceptional. It can undergo deep drawing (depth-to-diameter ratio up to 2:1), roll forming, and stamping—qualities that make it the top choice for seamless can manufacturing.

3. Application Range: From Daily Essentials to Industrial Solutions

The versatility of 3004 aluminum plate is reflected in its wide application across industries. Its ability to balance strength, formability, and cost makes it a go-to material for both consumer goods and industrial components.

Packaging Industry

- Beverage Cans & Food Containers: The most dominant application. 3004’s high elongation enables deep drawing into seamless can bodies, while its corrosion resistance prevents interaction with acidic drinks (e.g., cola) or food. Its lightweight nature also reduces shipping costs for large-scale can producers.

- Aerosol Cans: Suitable for packaging cosmetics, paints, and household cleaners. The alloy’s formability allows the creation of cylindrical cans with tight seals, and its corrosion resistance ensures compatibility with various formulations.

Construction & Architecture

- Roofing & Siding Panels: 3004’s corrosion resistance withstands rain, snow, and UV radiation, extending the service life of buildings. Its formability allows the production of interlocking panels for easy installation.

- Signage & Advertisement Boards: The alloy’s flatness (achievable through precision rolling) and printability make it ideal for outdoor signs. Its moderate strength ensures the boards remain rigid without warping.

Transportation Industry

- Trailer & Truck Bodies: Lightweight 3004 plates reduce the overall weight of vehicles, improving fuel efficiency. Its corrosion resistance protects against road salts and moisture, a key requirement for commercial vehicles.

- Automotive Interior Panels: Used for door trims and dashboard components. The alloy’s formability allows for complex shapes, and its surface can be easily painted or coated for aesthetic appeal.

Electrical & Electronic Industry

- Battery Casings (e.g., Lithium-Ion Batteries): 3004’s moderate strength and corrosion resistance protect battery cells from external impacts and moisture. Its thermal conductivity also helps dissipate heat generated during battery operation.

- Small Appliance Parts: Used in heat exchangers for coffee makers and air purifiers, leveraging its thermal conductivity and formability.

4. Why Choose 3004 Aluminum Plate for Your Projects?

In a market filled with aluminum alloys, 3004 stands out for three core advantages:

1. Balanced Performance: It avoids the trade-off between formability and strength—unlike 1100 aluminum (highly formable but weak) or 6061 aluminum (strong but less formable).

2. Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to high-strength alloys like 7075, 3004 uses cheaper alloying elements (manganese instead of zinc) and requires simpler processing, lowering production costs.

3. Versatility: It adapts to diverse manufacturing processes (drawing, welding, rolling) and applications, reducing the need for multiple material types in a single project.