Tsav los ntawm lub hom phiaj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm carbon neutrality, lub teeb yuag tau dhau los ua cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam. Aluminium, nrog nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, tau nce los ntawm "lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa" hauv kev lag luam tsoos mus rau "cov khoom siv tswv yim" rau kev tsim khoom siab. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus nqi tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv aluminium los ntawm plaub qhov loj: cov qauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev siv lub raj mis, thiab cov lus qhia yav tom ntej.

I. Cov tub ntxhais kawm txuj ci ntawm lub teeb yuag aluminium cov ntaub ntawv

Lub teeb yuag aluminium tsis yog tsuas yog "cov khoom hnyav hnyav", tab sis qhov kev ua tau zoo tau ua tiav los ntawm peb hauv ib qho kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim alloying, micro tswj, thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab:

Element doping ntxiv dag zog: Ntxiv magnesium, silicon, tooj liab thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus los tsim cov theem ntxiv xws li Mg ₂ Si, Al ₂ Cu, thiab lwm yam, kom tawg lub zog tensile pib ntawm 500MPa (xws li6061-T6 txhuas alloy).

Kev tswj hwm nanostructured: Los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj zog sai lossis cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, nano precipitates tau nkag mus rau hauv aluminium matrix kom ua tiav qhov kev sib koom ua ke hauv lub zog thiab toughness.

Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov deformation: Kev sib xyaw cov yas deformation thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov xws li dov thiab forging, cov nplej loj yog ua kom zoo rau qib micrometer, txhim kho cov khoom siv kho kom zoo.

Siv Tesla qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tuag-casting txhuas ua piv txwv, nws siv Gigacasting loj tuag-casting thev naus laus zis los ua ke cov tsoos 70 qhov chaw rau hauv ib qho kev tivthaiv, txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 20% thaum txhim kho kev tsim khoom los ntawm 90%, uas lees paub qhov cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom txheej txheem kev sib koom tes.

Ⅱ. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv aluminium

Irreplaceable lub teeb yuag efficiency

Qhov kom zoo dua qhov ntom ntom: Qhov ntom ntawm txhuas tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau (2.7g / cm ³ vs 7.8g / cm ³), thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov hnyav txo qis dua 60% hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hloov pauv. Lub tsheb hluav taws xob BMW i3 nta tag nrho cov txhuas lub cev, txo qhov hnyav ntawm 300kg thiab nce ntau los ntawm 15%.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub zog piv: Thaum xav txog lub zog rau qhov hnyav piv, qhov tshwj xeeb lub zog (lub zog / ntom) ntawm 6-series aluminium alloy tuaj yeem ncav cuag 400MPa / (g / cm ³), tshaj 200MPa / (g / cm ³) ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg.

Multi-dimensional kev ua tau zoo

Corrosion Kuj: Cov txheej tuab txhuas oxide txheej (al ₂ O3) xaus cov khoom nrog ntuj corrosion nyob hauv thaj chaw ntug hiav txwv tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 50 xyoo.

Thermal conductivity: Lub thermal conductivity coefficient ncav cuag 237W / (m · K), uas yog peb npaug ntawm cov hlau, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub dissipation plhaub ntawm 5G hauv paus chaw nres tsheb.

Recyclability: Lub zog noj ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov thawj txhuas, thiab cov pa roj carbon emissions raug txo los ntawm 95%, uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam ncig.

Txheej txheem compatibility

Kev ua kom yooj yim: Haum rau ntau yam txheej txheem xws li stamping, extrusion, forging, 3D luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam Tesla Cybertruck txais yuav txias-kuav los tiag txhuas phaj stamping lub cev, ntsuas lub zog thiab qauv kev ywj pheej.

Kev sib txuas thev naus laus zis: CMT vuam, kev sib txhuam do vuam thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj.

Ⅲ. Daim ntawv thov bottleneck ntawm lub teeb yuag aluminium cov ntaub ntawv

Kev nyuaj siab nyiaj txiag

Cov nqi khoom siv siab: Cov nqi txhuas tau khaws cia ntawm 3-4 npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov hlau ntev ntev (nruab nrab aluminium ingot nqi ntawm $ 2500 / ton vs steel nqi ntawm $ 800 / ton hauv 2023), uas cuam tshuam loj-ntaus nrov.

Cov cuab yeej siv peev txheej: Kev sib koom ua ke tuag-casting xav tau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tshuab loj loj tuag-casting hnyav tshaj 6000 tons, nrog rau ib qho khoom siv tus nqi tshaj 30 lab yuan, uas nyuaj rau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab them taus.

Kev txwv kev ua haujlwm

Lub zog qab nthab: Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600MPa los ntawm txoj kev txhawb nqa, nws tseem qis dua cov hlau muaj zog (1500MPa) thiab titanium alloy (1000MPa), txwv nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.

Tsawg kub brittleness: Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hauv qab -20 ℃, qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm txhuas txo los ntawm 40%, uas yuav tsum tau kov yeej los ntawm kev hloov pauv alloy.

Technological teeb meem rau processing

Rebound tswj kev sib tw: Lub springback ntawm txhuas phaj stamping yog 2-3 zaug ntawm steel phaj, yuav tsum tau precision pwm them nyiaj tsim.

Nto kho complexity: Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tswj lub uniformity ntawm anodized zaj duab xis thickness, uas cuam tshuam rau zoo nkauj thiab corrosion kuj.

Ⅳ. Kev lag luam daim ntawv thov xwm txheej thiab kev cia siab

Mature thov thaj chaw

Lub zog tshiab tsheb: NIO ES8 tag nrho cov txhuas lub cev txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 30%, nrog rau qhov torsional nruj ntawm 44900Nm / deg; Ningde Times CTP roj teeb tais yog ua los ntawm txhuas, uas ua rau kom muaj zog ceev los ntawm 15%.

Aerospace: 40% ntawm cov qauv ntawm Airbus A380 fuselage yog ua los ntawm txhuas lithium alloy, txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 1.2 tons; Cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm SpaceX starships yog ua los ntawm 301 stainless hlau, tab sis lub foob pob hluav taws lub cev tseem siv hnyav 2024-T3 txhuas alloy.

Rail Transit: Lub N700S bogie ntawm Nyiv lub Shinkansen txais yuav txhuas forgings, txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 11% thiab ncua lub neej qaug zog los ntawm 30%.

Muaj peev xwm taug qab

Hydrogen cia tank: Lub 5000 series txhuas magnesium alloy hydrogen cia tank tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov siab ntawm 70MPa thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj tsheb.

Consumer Electronics: MacBook Pro nta ib lub cev txhuas lub cev uas tuav 90% kev tshuaj ntsuam rau lub cev piv ntawm qhov tuab ntawm 1.2 hli.

Kev taw qhia txog kev tawg yav tom ntej

Composite innovation: Aluminium raws li carbon fiber ntau cov khoom (6061 / CFRP) ua tiav ob qho kev sib tw hauv lub zog thiab lub teeb, thiab Boeing 777X tis siv cov khoom siv no los txo qhov hnyav li 10%.

Intelligent manufacturing: AI tsav tuag-casting parameter optimization system txo cov seem ntawm 8% mus rau 1.5%.

Ⅴ. Xaus: Qhov "tawg" thiab "sawv" ntawm lub teeb yuag aluminium cov ntaub ntawv

Lub teeb yuag aluminium cov ntaub ntawv tau sawv ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv kev lag luam:

Los ntawm cov khoom hloov mus rau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab: Nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov hnyav xwb, tab sis kuj tseem txhawb kev txhim kho kev tsim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (xws li kev sib koom ua ke tuag casting) thiab cov khoom tsim qauv (modular tsim).

Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo: Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis (qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab dua 50%) thiab cov khoom loj (cov peev txheej ntau lawm ntawm Tesla lub Hoobkas super tuag-casting nce), kev lag luam tig taw tes yuav nrawm.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim ntsuab: Cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm txhua tuj ntawm txhuas thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej yog txo los ntawm 85% piv rau cov hlau, uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb.

Tsav los ntawm cov cai xws li kev nkag mus ntawm cov tsheb tshiab lub zog ntau dua 40% thiab kev siv cov pa roj carbon tariffs hauv kev lag luam aviation, lub teeb yuag aluminium kev lag luam tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm "optional technology" mus rau "yuav tsum xaiv". Qhov kev hloov pauv kev lag luam no tau tsom mus rau cov khoom siv tshiab yuav kawg hloov kho thaj tsam ntawm tib neeg kev nkag siab ntawm "qhov hnyav" thiab coj mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev lag luam zoo thiab huv.