Ukuqhutywa yinjongo yehlabathi yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ukukhanya kube yinto ephambili yokuguqulwa kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini lokuvelisa. I-Aluminium, kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neekhemikhali, ivukile "kwindima yokuxhasa" kwishishini lemveli "kwizinto ezicwangcisiweyo" zokwenziwa kwezinto eziphezulu. Eli nqaku liza kulungisa ngokucwangcisiweyo ixabiso le-innovative ye-aluminiyam ekhaphukhaphu ukusuka kwimilinganiselo emine: imigaqo yobugcisa, izibonelelo zokusebenza, iibhotile zesicelo, kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo.

I. Ingundoqo yobugcisa bezinto ezilula ze-aluminium

I-aluminiyam ekhaphukhaphu ayisiyonto nje "yezinto zokunciphisa ubunzima", kodwa umtsi wokusebenza ophunyezwe ngeendlela ezintathu kwinkqubo enye yetekhnoloji yoyilo lwe-alloying, ulawulo oluncinci, kunye nenkqubo entsha:

Ukomeleza i-doping ye-Element: Ukongeza i-magnesium, i-silicon, ubhedu kunye nezinye izinto ukwenza izigaba zokuqinisa ezifana ne-Mg ₂ Si, i-Al ₂ Cu, njl., ukuphula umda wamandla we-500MPa (efana neI-6061-T6 ingxube ye-aluminium).

Ukulawulwa kwe-Nanostructured: Ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokuqinisa ngokukhawuleza okanye i-alloying mechanical, i-nano precipitates ifakwe kwi-aluminium matrix ukufezekisa ukuphuculwa kwe-synergistic kumandla kunye nokuqina.

Inkqubo yokulungiswa kobushushu be-Deformation: Ukudibanisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki kunye neenkqubo zonyango zokushisa ezifana nokuqengqeleka kunye nokukhwabanisa, ubungakanani beenkozo buhlanjululwe kwinqanaba le-micrometer, liphucula kakhulu iimpawu zomatshini ezibanzi.

Ukuthatha i-aluminium ye-Tesla edibeneyo yokuphosa i-aluminium njengomzekelo, ithatha iteknoloji ye-Gigacasting giant die-casting ukuze idibanise iinxalenye ze-70 zendabuko zibe yinto enye, ukunciphisa ubunzima nge-20% ngelixa iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa nge-90%, eqinisekisa ixabiso eliphazamisayo lenkqubo yezinto ezintsha zokubambisana.

Ⅱ. Iinzuzo eziphambili zezinto ezilula ze-aluminium

Ubuchule obungenakubuyiselwa bukhaphukhaphu

Uxinaniso lwe-aluminiyam sisinye esithathwini kuphela sentsimbi (2.7g/cm ³ vs 7.8g/cm ³), kwaye inokufikelela kwisiphumo sokunciphisa ubunzima ngaphezu kwe-60% kwimizeko yokutshintsha umthamo olinganayo. Imoto yombane iBMW i3 inomzimba wonke we-aluminiyam, inciphisa ubunzima bendlela nge-300kg kwaye inyusa uluhlu nge-15%.

Umlinganiselo wamandla agqwesileyo: Xa kuqwalaselwa umlinganiselo wamandla kubunzima, amandla athile (amandla/ubunzima) be-6-series aluminium alloy anokufikelela kwi-400MPa/(g/cm ³), ukodlula i-200MPa/(g/cm ³) yentsimbi eqhelekileyo ephantsi kwekhabhoni.

Ukuphumelela kwentsebenzo enemilinganiselo emininzi

Ukumelana nokugqwala: Uluhlu lwe-aluminium oxide exineneyo (i-Al ₂ O3) inika izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokumelana nokubola kwemvelo, kunye nobomi benkonzo yeebhuloho kwiindawo ezinxwemeni zinokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50.

I-Thermal conductivity: I-coefficient conductivity ye-thermal ifikelela kwi-237W / (m · K), ephindwe kathathu yentsimbi, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwigobolondo yokutshatyalaliswa kokushisa kwezikhululo zesiseko ze-5G.

I-Recyclability: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwenziwa ngokutsha kwe-aluminium yemveliso yi-5% kuphela ye-aluminium yokuqala, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuncitshiswa nge-95%, ehlangabezana neemfuno zoqoqosho lwesetyhula.

Ukuhambelana kwenkqubo

Ukubumba ukuguquguquka: Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesitampu, i-extrusion, i-forging, i-3D yoshicilelo, njl njl. I-Tesla Cybertruck ithatha umzimba we-aluminiyam egobileyo ejikelezayo, amandla okulinganisa kunye nenkululeko yomzekelo.

Itekhnoloji yoxhulumaniso olukhulileyo: i-CMT welding, i-friction stir welding kunye nezinye itekhnoloji ezivuthiweyo ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezakhiwo ezinzima.

Ⅲ. I-bottleneck yesicelo sezinto ezilula ze-aluminium

Imingeni yezoqoqosho

Iindleko eziphezulu zezinto eziphathekayo: Amaxabiso e-aluminium agcinwe ngamaxesha angama-3-4 ixabiso lentsimbi ixesha elide (ixabiso le-avareji ye-aluminium ye-ingot ye-$ 2500 / ton vs ixabiso lentsimbi ye-800 / toni kwi-2023), ethintela ukuthandwa okukhulu.

Izixhobo zotyalo-mali: I-Die-casting eDityanisiweyo ifuna ukufakelwa koomatshini abakhulu bokulahla iitoni ezinobunzima obungaphezu kweetoni ezingama-6000, ngexabiso lesixhobo esinye esidlula i-yuan yezigidi ezingama-30, ekunzima ukuyifikelela kumashishini amancinci naphakathi.

Unyino lokusebenza

Isilingi yamandla: Nangona inokufikelela kwi-600MPa ngeendlela zokuqinisa, isengaphantsi kunentsimbi ephezulu (1500MPa) kunye ne-titanium alloy (1000MPa), inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ubuqhophololo bobushushu obuphantsi: Kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ezingaphantsi -20 ℃, ukuqina kwealuminiyam yehla nge-40%, ekufuneka yoyiswe ngokuguqulwa kwealloyi.

Izithintelo zobuchwepheshe kwi-processing

Umceli mngeni wolawulo lokubuyela umva: I-springback ye-aluminiyam ipleyiti isitampu ngamaxesha angama-2-3 epleyiti yentsimbi, ifuna uyilo lwembuyekezo yoyilo oluchanekileyo.

Ubunzima bonyango oluphezulu: Kunzima ukulawula ukufana kobunzima befilimu ye-anodized, echaphazela ubuhle kunye nokumelana nokubola.

Ⅳ. Ubume besicelo soshishino kunye nethemba

Iindawo zokufaka izicelo eziqolileyo

Izithuthi zamandla amatsha: I-NIO ES8 yonke i-aluminium umzimba inciphisa ubunzima nge-30%, kunye nokuqina kwe-torsional ye-44900Nm / deg; I-Ningde Times CTP ibhetri yetreyi yenziwe nge-aluminiyam, eyandisa ubuninzi bamandla nge-15%.

I-Aerospace: I-40% yesakhiwo se-Airbus A380 fuselage yenziwe nge-aluminium lithium alloy, ukunciphisa ubunzima ngeetoni ze-1.2; Iitanki zamafutha e-SpaceX starships zenziwe ngentsimbi engama-301, kodwa isakhiwo somzimba we-rocket sisasebenzisa kakhulu i-2024-T3 i-aluminium alloy.

I-Rail Transit: I-N700S bogie yase-Japan yase-Shinkansen ithatha i-aluminium forgings, inciphisa ubunzima nge-11% kwaye yandisa ubomi bokudinwa nge-30%.

Umkhondo onokwenzeka

Itanki yokugcina i-Hydrogen: I-5000 ye-aluminium ye-aluminium alloy ye-hydrogen yokugcina itanki ye-5000 inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-70MPa kwaye ibe yinto ephambili yezithuthi zeeseli ze-fuel.

I-Electronics yoMthengi: IMacBook Pro inomzimba we-aluminiyam onesiqwenga esinye esigcina isikrini se-90% kumlinganiselo womzimba kubunzima obuyi-1.2mm.

Umkhombandlela wokuphumelela kwixesha elizayo

I-Composite innovation: I-Aluminiyam esekelwe kwi-carbon fiber composite material (6061 / CFRP) ifezekisa ukuphumelela kabini kumandla kunye nokulula, kunye nephiko le-Boeing 777X isebenzisa le nto ukunciphisa ubunzima nge-10%.

Ukwenziwa ngobukrelekrele: I-AI eqhutywa yi-die-casting parameter optimization system inciphisa izinga le-scrap ukusuka kwi-8% ukuya kwi-1.5%.

Ⅴ. Isiphelo: "Ukuqhekeka" kunye "nokuma" kwezinto ezilula ze-aluminium

Izixhobo ze-aluminiyam ezikhaphukhaphu zimi ekudibaneni kwenguqu yetekhnoloji kunye noguqulo lwemizimveliso:

Ukususela ekufakweni kwezinto eziphathekayo ukuya kwi-innovation system: Ixabiso layo alikho kuphela ekunciphiseni ubunzima, kodwa nasekukhuthazeni ukulungiswa ngokutsha kwenkqubo yokuvelisa (ezifana nokudibanisa ukufa okudibeneyo) kunye noyilo lwemveliso (uyilo lwemodyuli).

Ibhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza: Ngokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yokubuyisela kwakhona (inxalenye ye-aluminium esetyenzisiweyo idlula i-50%) kunye nemveliso enkulu (umthamo wemveliso ye-Tesla's super die-casting factory yanda), ukuguquka kwezoqoqosho kunokukhawuleza.

Ukutshintshwa kweparadigm yokuvelisa okuluhlaza: I-carbon footprint yetoni nganye ye-aluminium kuwo wonke umjikelo wayo wokuphila iyancipha ngama-85% xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi, ehlangabezana neemfuno zokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi ye-chain chain global.

Ukuqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo efana nesantya sokungena kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha adlula i-40% kunye nokuphunyezwa kweentlawulo zekhabhoni kwishishini le-aviation, imboni ye-aluminium ekhaphukhaphu iphuma "kwi-teknoloji yokuzikhethela" ukuya "kukhetho olufunekayo". Olu tshintsho lwemizi-mveliso lugxile ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezintsha luya kuthi ekugqibeleni lulungise imida yokuqonda komntu “ubunzima” kwaye lungenise ixesha elitsha loshishino olusebenzayo nolucocekileyo.