Zvichitungamirirwa nechinangwa chepasi rose chekusarerekera kwekabhoni, kureruka kwave kuri musimboti chirevo cheshanduko nekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira. Aluminium, ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvinhu, yakasimuka kubva pa "basa rekutsigira" mumabhizimisi echinyakare kuenda kune "strategic material" yekugadzirwa kwepamusoro. Ichi chinyorwa chichagadzirisa zvine hurongwa kukosha kwezvakareruka zvealuminium zvinhu kubva pamativi mana: misimboti yehunyanzvi, mabhenefiti ekuita, mabhodhoro ekushandisa, uye mafambiro emangwana.

I. The technical core of lightweight aluminum materials

Aruminiyamu yakareruka haingori "huremu hwekudzikisa huremu", asi kusvetuka kwekuita kunowanikwa kuburikidza netatu mune imwe tekinoroji sisitimu yekugadzira alloying, micro control, uye process innovation:

Element doping kusimbisa: Kuwedzera magnesium, silicon, mhangura uye zvimwe zvinhu kugadzira zvikamu zvekusimbisa seMg ₂ Si, Al ₂ Cu, nezvimwewo, kutyora chikumbaridzo chekusimba che500MPa (senge6061-T6 aruminiyamu chiwanikwa).

Nanostructured regulation: Nekushandisa nekukurumidza solidification tekinoroji kana mechanical alloying, nano precipitates inounzwa mualuminium matrix kuti iwane synergistic kuvandudzwa kwesimba uye kuoma.

Deformation heat treatment process: Kubatanidza deformation yepurasitiki uye maitiro ekurapa kupisa senge kukungurutsa uye kuforoma, saizi yezviyo inonatswa kusvika padanho re micrometer, ichivandudza zvakanyanya huwandu hwemakina.

Tichitora Tesla's yakasanganiswa die-casting aluminium semuenzaniso, inotora Gigacasting hofori yekufa-casting tekinoroji yekubatanidza yechinyakare zvikamu makumi manomwe muchikamu chimwe chete, ichidzikisa huremu ne20% uku ichivandudza kugadzira kwekugadzira ne90%, iyo inosimbisa kukosha kwekukanganisa kwezvinhu process yekudyidzana innovation.

Ⅱ. Iyo yakakosha mabhenefiti eakareruka aluminium zvinhu

Irreplaceable lightweight kunyatsoshanda

Density advantage: The density yealuminium ingori chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesimbi (2.7g/cm ³ vs 7.8g/cm ³), uye inokwanisa kudzikisa huremu hunopfuura 60% mukuenzanisa vhoriyamu kutsiva mamiriro. Motokari yemagetsi yeBMW i3 ine muviri wese wealuminium, ichidzikisa huremu hwemuganho ne300kg uye kuwedzera huwandu ne15%.

Yakatanhamara simba reshiyo: Kana uchifunga nezvehuremu hwehuremu, iyo chaiyo simba (simba / density) ye6-yakatevedzana aruminiyamu alloy inogona kusvika 400MPa/(g/cm ³), ichipfuura 200MPa/(g/cm ³) yeyakajairwa kabhoni simbi.

Multi dimensional performance pundutso

Corrosion resistance: Iyo dense aluminium oxide layer (Al ₂ O3) inoisa zvinhu zvacho nekusaita ngura, uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hwemabhiriji munzvimbo dzemahombekombe hunogona kusvika makore anopfuura makumi mashanu.

Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity coefficient inosvika 237W / (m · K), iyo inopeta katatu iyo yesimbi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugomba rekupisa kupisa kwe5G base stations.

Recyclability: Kushandiswa kwesimba kwekugadzirwazve kwealuminium inongova 5% yealuminium yekutanga, uye kubuda kwekabhoni kunoderedzwa ne95%, iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehupfumi hwedenderedzwa.

Process kugarisana

Kugadzira kuchinjika: Inokodzera maitiro akasiyana-siyana akadai sekutsika, extrusion, forging, 3D kudhinda, etc. Tesla Cybertruck inotora inotonhora-yakakungurutswa aluminium plate stamping body, kuenzanisa simba uye modelling rusununguko.

Yakakura yekubatanidza tekinoroji: CMT welding, friction inosimudzira welding uye humwe hunyanzvi hunyanzvi hunovimbisa kuvimbika kwezvimiro zvakaoma.

Ⅲ. Iko kushandiswa kwebhodhoro rezviyereru zvealuminium zvinhu

Zvinetso zveupfumi

Zvinhu zvepamusoro zvinodhura: Mitengo yeAluminium yakachengetwa pa 3-4 nguva yemutengo wesimbi kwenguva yakareba (avhareji yealuminium ingot mutengo we $ 2500 / ton vs mutengo wesimbi we $ 800 / toni muna 2023), iyo inodzivisa kukurumbira kukuru.

Equipment investimendi chikumbaridzo: Yakabatanidzwa kufa-casting inoda kuisirwa ekupedzisira mahombe ekukandira emuchina anorema anopfuura 6000 matani, nechinhu chimwe chete chinodhura chinodarika 30 miriyoni yuan, izvo zvakaoma kumabhizinesi madiki nepakati kuti akwanise.

Kutadza kuita

Sirin'i yesimba: Kunyangwe ichikwanisa kusvika 600MPa kuburikidza nenzira dzekusimbisa, ichiri yakaderera pane yakakwirira-simba simbi (1500MPa) uye titanium alloy (1000MPa), ichidzikamisa mashandisirwo ayo mune zvinorema-basa scenarios.

Kudzika kwetembiricha brittleness: Munzvimbo dziri pazasi -20 ℃, iko kuomarara kwealuminium kunodzikira ne40%, iyo inoda kukundwa kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwealloy.

Zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji kune processing

Rebound control dambudziko: Iyo springback yealuminium plate stamping ndeye 2-3 nguva iyo yesimbi ndiro, inoda chaiyo mold muripo dhizaini.

Kuomarara kwekurapa kwepamusoro: Zvakaoma kudzora kufanana kweanodized firimu ukobvu, izvo zvinokanganisa aesthetics uye corrosion resistance.

Ⅳ. Indasitiri application mamiriro uye tarisiro

Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzakura

Motokari itsva dzemagetsi: NIO ES8 muviri wose wealuminium unoderedza uremu ne30%, nekuoma kwe torsional ye44900Nm / deg; Ningde Times CTP bhatiri tireyi yakagadzirwa nealuminium, iyo inowedzera simba density ne15%.

Aerospace: 40% yechimiro cheAirbus A380 fuselage inogadzirwa nealuminium lithium alloy, kuderedza uremu nematani 1.2; Iwo matangi emafuta eSpaceX nyeredzi akagadzirwa ne301 simbi isina tsvina, asi chimiro cheroketi chichiri kushandisa zvakanyanya 2024-T3 aluminium alloy.

Rail Transit: Iyo N700S bogie yeShinkansen yekuJapan inotora maaluminium forging, ichidzikisa huremu ne11% uye kuwedzera kuneta hupenyu ne30%.

Inogona track

Hydrogen tangi yekuchengetera: Iyo 5000 yakatevedzana aluminium magnesium alloy hydrogen yekuchengetera tangi inogona kumirisana nekumanikidza kwakanyanya kwe70MPa uye yave chinhu chakakosha chemafuta emotokari.

Consumer Electronics: MacBook Pro inoratidzira imwe-chidimbu chealuminium muviri unochengetedza 90% skrini kune reshiyo yemuviri pahukobvu hwe1.2mm.

Nzira yekubudirira mune ramangwana

Composite innovation: Aluminium based carbon fiber composite material (6061/CFRP) inobudirira kaviri musimba uye kureruka, uye Boeing 777X bapiro rinoshandisa zvinhu izvi kuderedza uremu ne10%.

Kugadzira kwakangwara: AI inotyairwa kufa-casting parameter optimization system inoderedza chiyero chezvikara kubva pa8% kusvika 1.5%.

Ⅴ. Mhedziso: "Kupwanya" uye "kumira" kwezvinhu zvisingaremi zvealuminium

Aruminiyamu akareruka zvinhu zvakamira pamharadzano yeshanduko yetekinoroji uye shanduko yemaindasitiri:

Kubva pakutsiviwa kwezvinhu kuenda kukuvandudza sisitimu: Kukosha kwayo hakusi mukuderedza uremu chete, asiwo mukusimudzira kurongekazve kwemaitiro ekugadzira (senge akasanganiswa kufa kufa) uye chivakwa chekugadzira (modular dhizaini).

Iyo inosimba chiyero pakati pemutengo uye kuita: Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekudzokorodza (chikamu chealuminium yakadzokororwa chinodarika makumi mashanu%) uye kugadzirwa kwakakura (simba rekugadzira reTesla's super die-casting fekitori rinowedzera), shanduko yehupfumi inogona kukurumidza.

Iyo paradigm shanduko yekugadzira yakasvibirira: Iyo kabhoni tsoka yetani imwe neimwe yealuminium mukati mehupenyu hwayo hwese inoderedzwa ne85% kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi, iyo inosangana neiyo yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko inodiwa yepasi rose rekupa cheni.

Inotungamirirwa nemitemo yakadai seyekupinza kwemotokari itsva dzinopfuura 40% uye kushandiswa kwekabhoni tariffs muindasitiri yezvekubhururuka, iyo indasitiri yearuminiyamu isingaremi iri kubuda kubva ku "optional tekinoroji" kuenda kune "inosungirwa sarudzo". Iyi shanduko yemaindasitiri yakanangana nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu inozopedzisira yagadzirisa miganhu yekunzwisisa kwevanhu "huremu" uye kuunza nguva itsva yeindasitiri inoshanda uye yakachena.