Ƙaddamar da makasudin duniya na tsaka tsaki na carbon, nauyi mai nauyi ya zama ainihin abin da za a yi don sauyi da haɓaka masana'antun masana'antu. Aluminum, tare da halayensa na musamman na jiki da sinadarai, ya tashi daga "matsayin tallafi" a cikin masana'antun gargajiya zuwa "kayan mahimmanci" don masana'antu masu girma. Wannan labarin zai lalata ƙima a tsarin ƙima na kayan aluminium masu nauyi daga girma huɗu: ƙa'idodin fasaha, fa'idodin aiki, ƙuƙumman aikace-aikacen, da kwatance na gaba.

I. Ƙwararren fasaha na kayan aluminum masu nauyi

Aluminum mai nauyi ba wai kawai “kayan rage nauyi ba ne”, amma tsalle-tsalle da aka samu ta hanyar uku a cikin tsarin fasaha guda ɗaya na ƙira, sarrafa micro, da ƙirar ƙira:

Ƙarfafa abubuwan ƙara kuzari: Ƙara magnesium, silicon, jan karfe da sauran abubuwa don samar da matakan ƙarfafawa kamar Mg ₂ Si, Al ₂ Cu, da sauransu, don karya madaidaicin ƙarfin 500MPa (kamar su6061-T6 aluminum gami).

Tsarin tsari na Nanostructured: Ta amfani da fasaha mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ko haɗa kayan aiki, ana gabatar da nano hazo a cikin matrix na aluminum don cimma haɓakar haɓakawa cikin ƙarfi da ƙarfi.

Tsarin kula da zafi na lalata: Haɗa nakasar filastik da tsarin kula da zafi kamar mirgina da ƙirƙira, ana tsabtace girman hatsi zuwa matakin micrometer, yana haɓaka haɓakar ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya.

Ɗaukar Tesla's hadedde mutu-simintin aluminum a matsayin misali, shi rungumi dabi'ar Gigacasting giant mutu-simintin fasaha don haɗa al'ada 70 sassa a cikin wani bangare guda, rage nauyi da 20% yayin da inganta masana'antu yadda ya dace da 90%, wanda ya tabbatar da rushewa darajar kayan aiki hadin gwiwa bidi'a.

Ⅱ. Babban fa'idodin kayan aluminum masu nauyi

Ingancin nauyi mara nauyi wanda ba a maye gurbinsa ba

Amfani mai yawa: Girman aluminium shine kashi ɗaya bisa uku na na ƙarfe (2.7g/cm ³ vs 7.8g/cm ³), kuma yana iya cimma tasirin rage nauyi sama da 60% a daidai yanayin maye gurbin girma. Motar lantarki ta BMW i3 tana da dukkan jikin aluminium, tana rage nauyi da 300kg kuma tana ƙaruwa da kashi 15%.

Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin la'akari da ƙarfin zuwa rabo mai nauyi, ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi (ƙarfi / yawa) na 6-jerin aluminum gami na iya kaiwa 400MPa/(g/cm ³), wanda ya zarce 200MPa/(g/cm ³) na ƙananan ƙarfe-carbon karfe.

Nasarar ayyuka masu girma dabam

Lalacewa juriya: Layer aluminum oxide Layer (Al ₂ O3) yana ba da kayan da juriya na lalata, kuma rayuwar sabis na gadoji a yankunan bakin teku na iya kaiwa fiye da shekaru 50.

Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity coefficient ya kai 237W/(m · K), wanda ya ninka na karfe sau uku, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin harsashi na zafi na tashoshin 5G.

Maimaituwa: Amfani da makamashin da aka sake yin fa'ida na aluminum shine kawai kashi 5% na na aluminium na farko, kuma an rage fitar da iskar carbon da kashi 95%, wanda ya dace da bukatun tattalin arzikin madauwari.

Daidaituwar tsari

Samar da sassauci: Ya dace da matakai daban-daban kamar stamping, extrusion, ƙirƙira, bugu na 3D, da dai sauransu The Tesla Cybertruck yana ɗaukar jikin farantin aluminium mai sanyi-birgima, daidaita ƙarfi da ƙirar yanci.

Balagagge fasahar haɗi: CMT waldi, gogayya motsa waldi da sauran balagagge fasahar tabbatar da amincin hadaddun Tsarin.

Ⅲ. Ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen kayan aluminum masu nauyi

Kalubalen tattalin arziki

Babban farashin kayan abu: An kiyaye farashin Aluminum a sau 3-4 farashin karfe na dogon lokaci (matsakaicin farashin ingot na aluminium na $ 2500 / ton vs farashin karfe na $ 800 / ton a cikin 2023), wanda ke hana yaduwar babban sikelin.

Matsakaicin saka hannun jari na kayan aiki: Hadaddiyar simintin simintin gyare-gyare na buƙatar shigar da manyan injunan simintin simintin ɗumbin yawa waɗanda nauyinsu ya haura tan 6000, tare da kayan aikin guda ɗaya ya haura yuan miliyan 30, wanda ke da wahala ga ƙanana da matsakaitan masana'antu su samu.

Iyakokin ayyuka

Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: Ko da yake yana iya kaiwa 600MPa ta hanyar ƙarfafawa, har yanzu yana da ƙasa fiye da ƙarfin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (1500MPa) da kuma titanium alloy (1000MPa), yana iyakance aikace-aikacensa a cikin al'amura masu nauyi.

Karancin zafin jiki: A cikin mahalli da ke ƙasa -20 ℃, tasirin taurin aluminum yana raguwa da 40%, wanda ke buƙatar shawo kan ta hanyar gyaran gami.

Hanyoyin fasaha don sarrafawag

Kalubalen kulawa da sake dawowa: Batun hatimin farantin aluminium shine sau 2-3 na farantin karfe, yana buƙatar ƙira daidaitaccen ƙirar ƙira.

Matsalolin jiyya na saman: Yana da wahala a sarrafa daidaiton kauri na fim ɗin anodized, wanda ke shafar kyawawan halaye da juriya na lalata.

Ⅳ. Matsayin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da abubuwan da ake sa ran

Balagagge yankunan aikace-aikace

Sabbin motocin makamashi: NIO ES8 duk jikin aluminium yana rage nauyi da 30%, tare da taurin kai na 44900Nm / deg; Ningde Times CTP tiren baturi an yi shi da aluminum, wanda ke ƙara yawan kuzari da 15%.

Aerospace: 40% na tsarin na Airbus A380 fuselage an yi shi da aluminum lithium gami, rage nauyi da 1.2 ton; Tankunan mai na SpaceX starships an yi su ne da bakin karfe 301, amma tsarin jikin roka har yanzu yana amfani da 2024-T3 aluminum gami.

Jirgin Jirgin Ruwa: N700S bogie na Shinkansen na Japan yana ɗaukar ƙirar aluminium, yana rage nauyi da 11% kuma yana ƙara rayuwar gajiya da 30%.

Hanya mai yiwuwa

Tankin ajiya na hydrogen: 5000 jerin aluminum magnesium gami da tanki na ajiya na hydrogen na iya jure babban matsin lamba na 70MPa kuma ya zama muhimmin bangaren motocin jigilar man fetur.

Kayan Wutar Lantarki na Mabukaci: MacBook Pro yana fasalta jikin aluminium guda ɗaya wanda ke riƙe allon 90% zuwa rabon jiki a kauri na 1.2mm.

Jagoran ci gaba na gaba

Ƙirƙirar ƙira: Aluminum tushen carbon fiber composite material (6061/CFRP) ya sami ci gaba mai dual a ƙarfi da nauyi, kuma reshe Boeing 777X yana amfani da wannan kayan don rage nauyi da 10%.

Masana'antu na fasaha: Tsarin inganta simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyaren AI yana rage yawan juzu'i daga 8% zuwa 1.5%.

Ⅴ. Kammalawa: "Watsewa" da "tsaye" na kayan aluminum masu nauyi

Kayayyakin aluminium masu nauyi suna tsaye a mahadar juyin fasaha da canjin masana'antu:

Daga maye gurbin kayan abu zuwa ƙirƙira tsarin: ƙimarsa ba ta ta'allaka ne kawai a cikin rage nauyi ba, har ma a cikin haɓaka tsarin sake fasalin hanyoyin masana'antu (kamar haɗaɗɗen simintin mutuwa) da ƙirar ƙirar samfura (ƙira na zamani).

Ma'auni mai ƙarfi tsakanin farashi da aiki: Tare da ci gaban fasahar sake yin amfani da su (yawan adadin aluminium da aka sake fa'ida ya wuce 50%) da kuma samarwa mai girma (ƙarar samar da masana'antar simintin simintin gyare-gyare na Tesla yana ƙaruwa), yanayin jujjuyawar tattalin arziki na iya haɓakawa.

Juyin yanayin masana'antar kore: Sawun carbon na kowane tan na aluminum a duk tsawon rayuwarsa yana raguwa da kashi 85% idan aka kwatanta da karfe, wanda ya dace da ƙananan buƙatun canji na iskar gas na duniya.

Ƙaddamar da manufofi irin su shigar da sabbin motocin makamashi da suka wuce 40% da kuma aiwatar da jadawalin kuɗin fito a cikin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama, masana'antun aluminum masu nauyi suna tasowa daga "fasaha na zaɓi" zuwa "zaɓi na wajibi". Wannan juyin juya halin masana'antu wanda ya ta'allaka ne akan sabbin abubuwa a ƙarshe zai sake fasalin iyakoki na fahimtar ɗan adam na "nauyi" kuma ya kawo sabon zamani na masana'antu masu inganci da tsabta.