E susumetsoa ke sepheo sa lefats'e sa ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon, ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ho fetohile tlhahiso ea mantlha bakeng sa phetoho le ntlafatso ea indasteri ea tlhahiso. Aluminium, e nang le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa 'mele le lik'hemik'hale, e tsohile "karolo ea ts'ehetso" indastering ea setso ho ea ho "thepa ea leano" bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng. Sengoliloeng sena se tla theola boleng bo bocha ba lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse bobebe ho tloha ho litekanyo tse 'ne: melao-motheo ea tekheniki, melemo ea ts'ebetso, mathata a ts'ebeliso le litaelo tsa nako e tlang.

I. Theknoloji ea motheo ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse bobebe

Aluminium e bobebe ha se "thepa e fokotsang boima ba 'mele", empa ts'ebetso ea ho tlola e fihlelletsoeng ka mekhoa e meraro ho e le' ngoe ea theknoloji ea moralo oa alloying, taolo e nyane, le boqapi ba ts'ebetso:

Ho matlafatsa doping ea Element: Ho eketsa magnesium, silicon, koporo le likarolo tse ling ho theha mekhahlelo e matlafatsang e kang Mg ₂ Si, Al ₂ Cu, joalo-joalo, ho senya moeli oa matla a 500MPa (joalo ka6061-T6 motsoako oa aluminium).

Nanostructured regulation: Ka ho sebelisa theknoloji ea ho tiisa ka potlako kapa motsoako oa mechine, nano precipitates e kenngoa ka har'a matrix ea aluminium ho finyella ntlafatso ea synergistic ea matla le ho tiea.

Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso oa deformation: Ho kopanya deformation ea polasetiki le lits'ebetso tsa kalafo ea mocheso joalo ka ho roala le ho forging, boholo ba lijo-thollo bo hloekisitsoe ho isa boemong ba micrometer, bo ntlafatsa haholo thepa e felletseng ea mochini.

Ho nka aluminium e kopantsoeng ea Tesla e le mohlala, e sebelisa theknoloji e kholo ea Gigacasting ho kopanya likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa 70 ho karolo e le 'ngoe, ho fokotsa boima ba 20% ha e ntse e ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso ka 90%, e tiisang boleng bo senyang ba ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebelisano.

Ⅱ. Melemo ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tse bobebe tsa aluminium

Boima bo bobebe bo ke keng ba nkeloa sebaka

Monyetla oa letsoalo: Boima ba aluminium ke karolo ea boraro feela ea tšepe (2.7g/cm ³ vs 7.8g/cm ³), 'me e ka fihlela phello ea phokotso ea boima ba ho feta 60% maemong a lekanang a ho khutlisa molumo. Koloi ea motlakase ea BMW i3 e na le 'mele oohle oa aluminium, e fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka 300kg le ho eketsa mefuta e fapaneng ka 15%.

Karolelano e ikhethang ea matla: Ha ho nahanoa karo-karolelano ea matla ho boima ba 'mele, matla a khethehileng (matla / boima) ba 6-series alloy alloy e ka fihla ho 400MPa/(g/cm ³), ho feta 200MPa/(g/cm ³) ea tšepe e tloaelehileng ea khabone e tlase.

Katleho ea ts'ebetso ea Multidimensional

Khanyetso ea Corrosion: The dense aluminium oxide layer (Al ₂ O3) e fana ka thepa ka ho hanyetsa kutu ea tlhaho, 'me bophelo ba tšebeletso ea marokho libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle bo ka fihla lilemo tse fetang 50.

Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity coefficient e fihla ho 237W / (m · K), e leng makhetlo a mararo a tšepe, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ka har'a khetla ea mocheso oa mocheso oa liteishene tsa motheo tsa 5G.

Recyclability: Tšebeliso ea matla ea tlhahiso ea aluminium e tsosolositsoeng ke 5% feela ea aluminium ea mantlha, 'me khabone e fokotseha ka 95%, e finyellang litlhoko tsa moruo oa selikalikoe.

Tšebelisano-'moho

Ho theha maemo a feto-fetohang: E ​​loketse lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tse kang ho hatakela, extrusion, forging, 3D printing, joalo-joalo Tesla Cybertruck e amohela 'mele oa setempe oa poleiti ea aluminium e batang, matla a leka-lekaneng le tokoloho ea mohlala.

Theknoloji ea khokahanyo e hōlileng tsebong: CMT welding, friction stir welding le mahlale a mang a hōlileng tsebong a netefatsa ho tšepahala ha mehaho e rarahaneng.

Ⅲ. Tšebeliso ea botlolo ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse bobebe

Mathata a moruo

Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa thepa: Litheko tsa aluminium li bolokiloe ka makhetlo a 3-4 theko ea tšepe ka nako e telele (karolelano ea theko ea ingot ea aluminium ea $ 2500 / ton vs theko ea tšepe ea $ 800 / tonne ka 2023), e sitisang ho tsebahala ho hoholo.

Merero ea matsete a lisebelisoa: Ho lahla ho hokahaneng ho hloka hore ho kenngoe mechini e kholo ea ho lahla e boima ba lithane tse fetang 6000, ka theko ea thepa e le 'ngoe e fetang li-yuan tse limilione tse 30, tseo ho leng thata hore likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng li ka li khona.

Mefokolo ea ts'ebetso

Siling ea matla: Leha e ka fihla ho 600MPa ka mekhoa ea ho e matlafatsa, e ntse e le tlase ho feta tšepe e matla haholo (1500MPa) le alloy ea titanium (1000MPa), e fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea eona maemong a boima.

brittleness ea mocheso o tlase: Libakeng tse ka tlase ho -20 ℃, matla a aluminium a fokotseha ka 40%, e lokelang ho hlōloa ka phetoho ea alloy.

Litšitiso tsa theknoloji ho processing

Phephetso ea ho laola setempe sa aluminium ke makhetlo a 2-3 ho feta a poleiti ea tšepe, e hlokang moralo o nepahetseng oa matšeliso.

Ho rarahana ha phekolo ea sefahleho: Ho thata ho laola ho tšoana ha botenya ba filimi ea anodized, e amang aesthetics le ho hanyetsa ho bola.

Ⅳ. Boemo ba kopo ea indasteri le litebello

Libaka tsa kopo tse holileng

Likoloi tse ncha tsa matla: NIO ES8 'mele eohle ea aluminium e fokotsa boima ba 30%, e nang le torsional stiffness ea 44900Nm / deg; Terei ea betri ea Ningde Times CTP e entsoe ka aluminium, e eketsang matla a matla ka 15%.

Aerospace: 40% ea sebopeho sa Airbus A380 fuselage e entsoe ka aluminium lithium alloy, ho fokotsa boima ba lithane tse 1,2; Litanka tsa mafura tsa linaleli tsa SpaceX li entsoe ka tšepe e sa hloekang ea 301, empa sebopeho sa 'mele oa rokete se ntse se sebelisa alloy ea aluminium ea 2024-T3 haholo.

Terene ea Seporo: Sekepe sa N700S sa Shinkansen sa Japane se nka lisebelisoa tsa aluminium, ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka 11% le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba mokhathala ka 30%.

Pina e ka bang teng

Tanka ea polokelo ea haedrojene: Tanka ea polokelo ea 5000 ea aluminium magnesium alloy hydrogen e ka mamella khatello e phahameng ea 70MPa mme e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea likoloi tsa lisele tsa mafura.

Electronics ea Consumer: MacBook Pro e na le 'mele oa aluminium o nang le karolo e le' ngoe e bolokang skrine ea 90% ho tekanyo ea 'mele ka botenya ba 1.2mm.

Tataiso ea katleho e tlang

Mekhoa e mecha ea mekhoa e mecha: Aluminium e thehiloeng ho carbon fiber composite material (6061 / CFRP) e finyella katleho e 'meli ea matla le boima bo bobebe,' me lepheo la Boeing 777X le sebelisa thepa ena ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka 10%.

Tlhahiso e bohlale: Sistimi ea ntlafatso ea paramente e tsamaisoang ke AI e fokotsa sekhahla sa sekhechana ho tloha ho 8% ho isa ho 1.5%.

Ⅴ. Qetello: "Ho robeha" le "ho ema" ha lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse bobebe

Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse bobebe li eme mateanong a phetoho ea theknoloji le phetoho ea indasteri:

Ho tloha ho phahamisong ea thepa ho ea ho boqapi ba sistimi: Boleng ba eona ha bo felle feela ho theoleng boima ba 'mele, empa hape le ho khothaletsong ho hlophisoa bocha ha lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso (joalo ka ho lahla lefu le kopaneng) le meralo ea lihlahisoa (moralo oa modular).

Tekanyo e matla pakeng tsa litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso: Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea ho tsosolosa (karolo ea aluminium e tsosolositsoeng e feta 50%) le tlhahiso e kholo (bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea fektheri e kholo ea Tesla e ntseng e eketseha), phetoho ea moruo e ka potlakisa.

Phetoho ea paradigm ea tlhahiso e tala: Khabone ea tone e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea aluminium ho pholletsa le bophelo ba eona e fokotsehile ka 85% ha e bapisoa le tšepe, e finyellang litlhoko tsa phetoho ea khabone e tlaase ea ketane ea phepelo ea lefats'e.

E tsamaisoa ke maano a kang lebelo la ho kenella ha likoloi tse ncha tsa matla tse fetang 40% le ts'ebetsong ea litefiso tsa carbon ka indasteri ea lifofane, indasteri ea aluminium e bobebe e fetoha ho tloha "theknoloji ea boikhethelo" ho ea "khethong e tlamang". Phetoho ena ea indasteri e shebaneng le boqapi ba lintho tse bonahalang e tla qetella e bopile bocha meeli ea kutloisiso ea batho ea "boima" le ho tlisa nako e ncha ea indasteri e sebetsang hantle le e hloekileng.