Imboni ye-semiconductor idinga izinto ezilinganisela amandla okusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuzinza okunembile kobukhulu, ukuphathwa kokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka eziqinile. Njengomhlinzeki oyinhloko wezixazululo ze-aluminium ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, i-Ama-aluminium alloys angu-6000 ochungechunge—ikakhulukazi i-6061-T6/T651, i-6063-T5/T6, kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-semiconductor-grade—zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokukhiqiza imishini ye-semiconductor, izinhlelo zokucubungula i-wafer, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezinembile. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izinzuzo ezibalulekile, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yethu ye-aluminium yochungechunge lwe-6000, eyenzelwe ukusekela amaklayenti e-semiconductor omhlaba wonke ekufinyeleleni isivuno esiphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside.

1. Izakhiwo Zezinto Eziyinhloko Zama-Aluminium Alloys angu-6000 Ochungechungeni Lwama-Semiconductors

Ama-alloy e-aluminium angu-6000 ochungechunge ayingxenye yesistimu ye-Al-Mg-Si, kanti i-magnesium (Mg) ne-silicon (Si) yizinto eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa, okuvumela ukuqina okwelashwa ngokushisa ngokwakhiwa kwama-precipitates e-Mg₂Si. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-semiconductor, sithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-alloy kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ukuze sibeke phambili izilinganiso ezine zokusebenza ezibalulekile:

a. Amandla Okusebenza Nokuzinza Kobukhulu

I-aluminium yethu engu-6061-T6/T651 inikeza amandla okudonseka angu-276–310 MPa kanye namandla okukhiqiza angu-220–252 MPa, okunikeza amandla aqinile okuthwala umthwalo wezingxenye zesakhiwo emishinini yokuqopha ye-semiconductor, izinhlelo zokubeka, kanye namarobhothi okuphatha i-wafer [4]. Isimo esincishisiwe sokucindezeleka kwe-T651 sithuthukisa ukuzinza kobukhulu, sinciphisa ukuguquguquka ngaphansi kokujikeleza kokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka komshini—okubalulekile ekugcineni ukunemba kwezinga le-submicron emishinini yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqeda okuphezulu kobuso kanye nokwakheka kahle, njengezinto zokulungisa i-semiconductor ezinembile kanye nozimele be-wafer carrier, i-aluminium yethu engu-6063-T5/T6 inikeza iphrofayili elinganiselayo enamandla okunamathela angu-200–240 MPa kanye nokuvumelana okuhle kakhulu kokukhipha, okuqinisekisa ukulawula ukubekezelelana okuqinile (± 0.05 mm) kwezingxenye zesakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi[9]. Zombili lezi zinsimbi zibonisa ukuminyana okuphansi okungu-2.70 g/cm³, okunciphisa isisindo sonke semishini ye-semiconductor ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo—inzuzo ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuphatha ezenzakalelayo kanye ne-logistics yegumbi elihlanzekile.

b. Ukusebenza Kokushisa

Ukuphathwa kokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwe-semiconductor, lapho ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu kungabangela ukugoba kwe-wafer, ukungalungi kahle, noma ukwehla kwesivuno sedivayisi. Ama-alloy ethu e-aluminium angu-6000 ochungechunge anikeza ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kokushisa: i-6061-T6 inikeza i-180–210 W/(m·K), kuyilapho i-6063-T6 inikeza i-205–220 W/(m·K), edlula insimbi engagqwali ngaphezu kuka-300% futhi ivumela ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okusheshayo, okufanayo.

Siphinde sithuthukise ukuzinza kokushisa ngokulawula okuqinile izinto zokungcola (isb., i-Fe, i-Cu, i-Zn), sinciphise i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa ibe ngu-22–24 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20–100°C). Lokhu kunciphisa ukuguqulwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sezinyathelo zokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengokunamathisela kanye nokusila, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezibalulekile zigcina ubukhulu obuqondile kulo lonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza.

c. Ukuhlanzeka Nokumelana Nokungcola

Izindawo zokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor zidinga ukuphuma kwegesi okuphansi kakhulu kanye nokukhishwa kwezinhlayiya ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwe-wafer. Ama-alloy ethu ochungechunge lwe-semiconductor-grade 6000 akhiqizwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile kakhulu kanye nezinqubo zokucwenga ezizimele, okunciphisa okuqukethwe kwegesi esele kube yi-<0.15 ml/100g Al kanye nobuningi bezinhlayiya kube yi-<5 izinhlayiya/cm² (>0.5 μm).

Sisebenzisa izindlela eziqinile zokwelapha ubuso, okuhlanganisa ukupholisha nge-electro kanye nokugcoba (ukujiya okungu-10–50 μm), ukudala ungqimba lwe-oxide oluqinile noluvikelayo olumelana nokugqwala okuvela kuma-agent okuhlanza amakhemikhali (isb., HF, H₂SO₄) futhi luvimbele ukunamathela kwezinhlayiya. Lokhu kwenza ama-alloy ethu afanelekele iziteshi zokucubungula ezimanzi, izinhlelo zokulethwa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nezingxenye zegumbi le-vacuum lapho ukulawulwa kokungcola kungaxoxiswana ngakho.

d. Ukuguquguquka Kwemishini Nokwenza

Ama-aluminium alloys ethu angu-6000 ochungechunge alungiselelwe kahleimishini ye-CNC enembile kakhulu,ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokususa ama-chip kanye nokuguguleka okuphansi kwamathuluzi. I-6061-T6 inikeza ukushibilika okuhle, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinhlaka ezinkulu zesakhiwo ngobuqotho obuphezulu, kuyilapho i-6063-T6 ihamba phambili ekusetshenzisweni kokukhipha nokugoba, isekela ukukhiqizwa kwamaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi njengama-heat sink, amapayipi okulethwa koketshezi, kanye nezindawo zokuzwa.

Sihlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziphelele zemikhiqizo—kufaka phakathi amapuleti e-aluminium (ukujiya okungu-0.5–200 mm), imigoqo (ububanzi obungu-10–500 mm), amashubhu (ububanzi obungaphandle obungu-5–300 mm), kanye namaphrofayili enziwe ngokwezifiso—ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezingxenye ze-semiconductor ezahlukahlukene. Yonke imikhiqizo ihlolwa ngokucophelela, kufaka phakathi ukunemba kobukhulu, ubulukhuni bomphezulu (Ra ≤ 0.2 μm), kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwempahla yemishini, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke (ASTM, ISO, JIS).

2. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Ze-aluminium Yethu Yochungechunge Lwe-6000 Yamakhasimende E-Semiconductor

a. Izixazululo Zezinto Eziphathekayo Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso

Sisebenzisana eduze namakhasimende ukuze sihlanganise ama-alloy ochungechunge angu-6000 ukuze avumelane nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza:

- I-semiconductor-grade 6061 SP: Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanzeka okuphezulu njengemishini yokufaka ama-ion kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ama-wafer, ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-anodization kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi.

- Amandla aphezulu 6061-T651: Ilungele izingxenye zesakhiwo ezisindayo kumathuluzi e-semiconductor lithography kanye namakamelo okucubungula, okunikeza ukuzinza okuphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu.

- I-6063-T6 elungiselelwe ukukhishwa kwegesi: Ilungele kakhulu ama-heat sink anembe kakhulu, izinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi, kanye nezinto ezinembile, enokuphela okuhle kakhulu kwendawo kanye nokubekezelela ukukhishwa kwegesi okuqinile.

b. Ukuthembeka Kochungechunge Lokunikezela Kusukela Ekupheleni Kuya Ekupheleleni

Njengomkhiqizi we-aluminium ohlinzeka ngokugcwele, sinikeza ukwesekwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-alloy kuya ekusetshenzisweni okunembile kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo. Uhlelo lwethu lokulawula ikhwalithi yangaphakathi luqinisekisa ukulandeleka kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, kanti ibhetshi ngayinye ihambisana nemibiko yokuhlola enemininingwane efaka phakathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nedatha yokuhlanzeka. Siphinde sinikeze ukuphathwa kwempahla okuguquguqukayo kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi esifanele, sisekela amamodeli okukhiqiza amaklayenti e-semiconductor ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa.

c. Ukusebenza Okungabizi Kakhulu

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-titanium, ama-aluminium ethu angu-6000 ochungechunge aletha isilinganiso samandla nesisindo esiphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi, ehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza imishini ngo-20-30% ngenkathi ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ubuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu be-alloys yethu buyanciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zamathuluzi, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwabakhiqizi bemishini ye-semiconductor kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina.

3. Izimo Ezijwayelekile Zokusetshenziswa Ekukhiqizeni Ama-Semiconductor

a. Izingxenye Zesakhiwo Semishini Ye-semiconductor

Amapuleti ethu e-aluminium angu-6061-T6/T651 kanye nemigoqo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwamafreyimu emishini eyinhloko, imizimba yamakamelo, kanye nezakhiwo zokusekela izinhlelo zokuqopha, zokubeka, nezokufaka. Amandla aphezulu kanye nokuzinza kobukhulu balezi zinsimbi kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwemishini eyinhloko, kuyilapho ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kokushisa kusekela ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokucubungula okuqhubekayo.

b. Ukuphathwa Nokulungiswa Kwe-Wafer Ngokucophelela

Izinto ezikhishwa nge-aluminium ze-6063-T6 kanye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini zilungele abathwali be-wafer, amarobhothi okudlulisa, kanye nezinto zokubeka. Ukuphela kobuso obuhle kakhulu kanye nokukhishwa kwezinhlayiya okuphansi kwale mikhiqizo kuvimbela ukulimala kwe-wafer kanye nokungcola, kuyilapho ukwakheka okulula kuthuthukisa isivinini kanye nokunemba kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ezenzakalelayo.

c. Izinhlelo Zokuphatha Ukushisa

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwenza i-thermal conductivity yethuAma-aluminium alloys angu-6000 ochungechungeukukhetha okuthandwayo kwama-heat sink e-semiconductor, amapuleti okupholisa, namapayipi okulethwa koketshezi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumamojula e-laser anamandla aphezulu noma ezinhlelweni zokulawula izinga lokushisa ze-wafer, ama-alloy ethu akhipha ukushisa ngempumelelo, agcine amazinga okushisa okucubungula ezinzile futhi athuthukise isivuno sedivayisi.

d. Izinhlelo Zokucubungula Amakhemikhali Nomshini Wokuhlanza

I-aluminium yethu yochungechunge lwe-semiconductor grade 6000, enokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi, ifanelekela iziteshi zokuhlanza ezimanzi, amapayipi okulethwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nezingxenye zegumbi le-vacuum. Ingqimba engaphezulu ene-anodized imelana nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali, iqinisekisa impilo yenkonzo yesikhathi eside futhi inciphisa izindleko zokulungisa imigqa yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor.

4. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi kanye Nesitifiketi

Yonke imikhiqizo yethu ye-aluminium yochungechunge engu-6000 yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-semiconductor ihambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi nokuphepha zomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa nezindinganiso ze-ISO 9001, ISO 14001, kanye ne-SEMICON zezinto ze-semiconductor. Sisebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi oluphelele, olunezilawuli eziqinile kuzo zonke izigaba:

a. Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe: Ama-ingot e-aluminium ahlanzekile kakhulu (ubumsulwa obungu-99.9%) ahlolwa okuqukethwe ukungcola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinto eziyisisekelo.

b. Ukuncibilikisa Nokucwenga: Izinqubo zokuhlanza impahla (ukujova ngokujikeleza kwegesi i-argon, ukukhipha igesi ku-inthanethi) kunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-hydrogen kanye nokufakwa kwayo, okuthuthukisa ubuningi bezinto kanye nokuhlanzeka.

c. Ukwelashwa Kokushisa: Isixazululo esiqinile esilawulwa ngokunembile (515–530°C) kanye nokuguga okwenziwe (160–190°C) kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuqina kokushisa.

d. Ukwelashwa Kwemishini Nokuphezulu: Umshini wokugaya we-CNC ngamathuluzi anembile kakhulu uqinisekisa ukunemba kobukhulu; ukupholisha nge-electro kanye nokugcoba kwenziwa ezindaweni ezihlanzekile zamakamelo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokulawula ukungcola.

e. Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina: Ukuhlolwa okungu-100% kwamapharamitha abalulekile—kufaka phakathi ukubekezelela ubukhulu, ubulukhuni bomphezulu, amandla omshini, kanye nokuhlanzeka—kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuthembeka komkhiqizo.

5. Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe Ama-Alloys Ethu E-aluminium Ochungechungeni Lwe-6000?

Njengoba sineminyaka eminingi yobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezinto ze-aluminium, sithole ukuqonda okujulile ngezinselele zezinto ezibonakalayo ezibhekene nemboni ye-semiconductor. Ama-aluminium ethu angu-6000 ochungechunge awekho imikhiqizo ejwayelekile, kodwa ayizixazululo zezinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezenzelwe ngqo ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor, ezihlanganisa zonke izimo kusukela ezingxenyeni ezinembile kuya ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo semishini emikhulu.

Sinikeza izinsizakalo ezitholakala endaweni eyodwa okuhlanganisa ukubonisana ngokukhetha izinto, imishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukwelashwa kwendawo, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ukusiza amaklayenti omhlaba wonke e-semiconductor ukuthi afinyeze imijikelezo ye-R&D, anciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana komkhiqizo.Izinto ze-aluminium ezingu-6061/6063noma ama-alloy e-semiconductor asezingeni eliphezulu, singakunikeza ukwesekwa kwezinto ezizinzile nezithembekile zokukhula kwebhizinisi lakho ngobuchwepheshe bobungcweti.

Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho ezithile zesicelo se-semiconductor, okuvumela ama-aluminium alloy angu-6000 ochungechunge asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuthi asebenze njengesisekelo esiqinile sokusungula imishini yakho ye-semiconductor.