Maloboti a Humanoid achoka ku labotale kupita kukupanga malonda ambiri, ndipo kusanja mphamvu zopepuka komanso zamapangidwe kwakhala vuto lalikulu.

 
Monga zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zimaphatikiza zopepuka, zolimba kwambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri, aluminiyamu ikukwaniritsa kulowa kwakukulu m'zigawo zazikulu monga zolumikizira, mafupa, machitidwe opatsirana, ndi zipolopolo za roboti za humanoid.

 
Pofika kumapeto kwa 2024, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse lapansizitsulo za aluminiyamumu makampani a robotic humanoid awonjezeka ndi 62% chaka ndi chaka, ndikukhala malo ena ophulika ogwiritsira ntchito aluminiyamu pambuyo pa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.

 
Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa aluminiyumu alloy kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chitsulo chomwe chimakondedwa ndi maloboti a humanoid. Kachulukidwe ake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zitsulo, koma amatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu zofananira ndi zitsulo zina kudzera mu chiŵerengero cha aloyi ndi kukhathamiritsa ndondomeko. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yeniyeni (chiŵerengero champhamvu / kachulukidwe) cha 7 mndandanda wa aluminiyumu ya ndege (7075-T6) imatha kufika 200 MPa / (g/cm ³), yomwe ili yoposa mapulasitiki ambiri a uinjiniya, ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino pakutaya kutentha ndi chitetezo chamagetsi.

 
Pakubwereza kwa Tesla Optimus-Gen2, mafupa ake am'mbali amachepetsedwa ndi 15% pogwiritsa ntchito aluminum magnesium alloy, ndikusunga kukhazikika kwamapangidwe kudzera pakupanga kukhathamiritsa kwa topology; Loboti ya Boston Dynamics 'Atlas' imagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ipange zida zolumikizirana mawondo kuti zithane ndi zovuta za kulumpha kwakukulu. Kuphatikiza apo, makina oziziritsa a Ubiquitous Walker X amatenga chipolopolo cha aluminiyamu cha die cast, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito matenthedwe apamwamba a aluminiyamu (pafupifupi 200 W/m · K) kuti akwaniritse kuwongolera bwino kwamafuta.
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo waukadaulo wa aluminiyumu m'munda wa maloboti a humanoid ukupitilirabe, ndipo zotsogola zingapo zatuluka mumayendedwe osiyanasiyana amakampani:

1. Kuchita kudumpha kwamphamvu kwambirizitsulo zotayidwazipangizo
Kutsatira kutulutsidwa kwa aluminium silicon alloy yokhala ndi mphamvu yolimba ya 450MPa mu Seputembara 2024, Lizhong Gulu (300428) lapeza chiphaso cha 7xxx 7xxx aluminium alloy yomwe idapangidwira maloboti mu Januware 2025. Nkhaniyi yawonjezera zokolola zake mpaka 58% yosunga makina opitilira 58% mlingo, ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa gawo la biomimetic bondo la Fourier Intelligence, kuchepetsa kulemera ndi 32% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe za titaniyamu. Zida zonse za aluminiyamu zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Mingtai Aluminium Viwanda (601677) zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira makina opopera kuti awonjezere kutenthetsa kwa ma radiator a aluminiyamu mpaka 240W/(m · K), ndipo aperekedwa mochulukira ngati makina oyendetsera loboti ya Yushu Technology's H1 humanoid.

 
2. Kupambana kwa mafakitale muukadaulo wophatikizika wa kufa-casting
Mzere woyamba wapadziko lonse wa 9800T two plate super die-casting line wokhazikitsidwa ndi Wencan Corporation (603348) pamalo ake a Chongqing wakakamiza kupanga mafupa a maloboti a humanoid kuchoka pa maola 72 mpaka 18. Mafupa a msana wa biomimetic omwe adapangidwa ndi iwo adakongoletsedwa ndi mapangidwe a topology, kuchepetsa mfundo zowotcherera ndi 72%, kupeza mphamvu ya 800MPa, ndikusunga zokolola zopitilira 95%. Ukadaulowu walandira maoda kuchokera kwa makasitomala aku North America ndipo fakitale ku Mexico ikumangidwa. Guangdong Hongtu (002101) wapanga chipolopolo cha aluminiyamu chokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala chokhala ndi khoma lokhala ndi 1.2mm koma kukwaniritsa kukana kwamphamvu kwa 30kN, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza chifuwa cha Uber Walker X.

3. Zatsopano mu makina olondola ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito
Nanshan Aluminium Industry (600219), mothandizana ndi National Engineering Center for Light Alloys ku Shanghai Jiao Tong University, idzatulutsa zida zopangira aluminium zokhazikika mu February 2025. Nkhaniyi imalimbikitsidwa ndi kubalalitsa silicon carbide nanoparticles, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwamafuta kokwanira kwa 10 × ⃶ ⁶ ⁶ ⁶ vuto loyendetsa bwino lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kutayika kwa kutentha kwa ma servo motors. Idayambitsidwa mumayendedwe a Tesla Optimus Gen3. The aluminiyamu graphene gulu electromagnetic kutchinga wosanjikiza opangidwa ndi Yinbang Co., Ltd. (300337) ali ndi chitetezo dzuwa la 70dB mu 10GHz pafupipafupi gulu ndi makulidwe a 0.25mm yekha, amene ntchito pa mutu kachipangizo gulu la Boston Dynamics Atlas.

 
4. Kutsika kwa mpweya wochepa kwa teknoloji yowonjezeredwa ya aluminiyamu
Aluminium Corporation of China (601600) amatha kuwongolera zomwe zili mkuwa ndi chitsulo muzitsulo zotayidwa zotayidwa pansi pa 5ppm, ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa aluminiyumu wopangidwanso ndi 78% poyerekeza ndi aluminiyamu yoyamba. Tekinolojeyi yatsimikiziridwa ndi EU's Key Raw Materials Act ndipo ikuyembekezeka kupereka zida za aluminiyamu zogwirizana ndi LCA (full lifecycle) ku maloboti a Zhiyuan kuyambira mu Q2 2025.

5. Kuphatikizika kwaukadaulo waukadaulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito
Pakukulitsa zochitika za mumlengalenga, kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu ka biomimetic kopangidwa ndi Beijing Iron Man Technology kwatsimikiziridwa ndi Harbin Institute of Technology, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa torso ya loboti ya bipedal ndi 30% ndikuwonjezera kuuma kwake kopindika ndi 40%. Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu ya 7075-T6 ndipo imakwaniritsa kuuma kwapadera kwa 12GPa · m³/kg kudzera mu kapangidwe ka biomimetic. Ikonzedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa maloboti okonza malo okhazikitsidwa mu Q4 2025.

 
Kupambana kwaukadaulo uku kukuyendetsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina amodzi kwa aluminiyamu mumaloboti a humanoid kuchokera pa 20kg/unit mu 2024 mpaka 28kg/unit mu 2025, ndipo kuchuluka kwa aluminiyumu yapamwamba kwambiri kwakweranso kuchoka pa 15% mpaka 35%.

 
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Innovative Development of Humanoid Robot Industry" ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Zamakono Zamakono, kupangidwa kwa zipangizo za aluminiyamu pamagulu osakanikirana opepuka komanso ogwira ntchito kudzapitirizabe kufulumira. Mu Julayi 2024, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso udapereka "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Kukula Kwatsopano kwa Makampani a Maloboti a Humanoid", omwe adafotokoza momveka bwino cholinga cha "kuphwanya zida zopepuka komanso njira zopangira mwatsatanetsatane", ndikuphatikiza ukadaulo wopangira aluminiyumu mwatsatanetsatane pamndandanda wofunikira wofufuza ndi chitukuko.

 
Pamalo akomweko, Shanghai idzakhazikitsa thumba lapadera la yuan 2 biliyoni mu Novembala 2024 kuti lithandizire kafukufuku ndi kukulitsa zida zamaloboti a humanoid, kuphatikiza zida za aluminiyamu zogwira ntchito kwambiri.

 
M'munda wamaphunziro, "biomimetic uchi aluminiyamu kapangidwe" molumikizana ndi Harbin Institute of Technology ndi China Aluminium Research Institute inatsimikiziridwa mu Januwale 2025. Kapangidwe kameneka kangathe kuchepetsa kulemera kwa robot torso ndi 30% ndikuwongolera kuuma kopindika ndi 40%. Zochita zofananirazo zalowa mu gawo la chitukuko cha patent.

Malinga ndi GGII Institute of Robotic, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi kwa maloboti a humanoid kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 12000 mu 2024, ndi msika waukulu wa yuan 1.8 biliyoni. Kungoganiza kuti zotayidwa kumwa loboti imodzi humanoid ndi 20-25kg (kuwerengera 30% -40% ya kulemera okwana makina), kutengera kutumiza padziko lonse mayunitsi 5 miliyoni ndi 2030, kufunika kwa zotayidwa kukwera kwa 100000-125000 matani, lolingana ndi pafupifupi 1 biliyoni kukula msika, lolingana ndi 51 biliyoni kukula msika. 45%.

 
Pankhani yamtengo, kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 2024, kuchuluka kwa zida za aluminiyamu zapamwamba kwambiri zama roboti (monga mbale za aluminiyamu ya kalasi ya ndege ndi matenthedwe apamwamba a aluminiyamu) zakwera kuchoka pa 15% mpaka 30%. Mtengo wamtengo wazinthu zina zosinthidwa umaposa 80000 yuan/tani, wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wapakati wa zida zotayidwa m'mafakitale (22000 yuan/tani).

 
Pamene maloboti a humanoid akuchulukirachulukira kuposa 60% pachaka, aluminiyamu, yokhala ndi unyolo wokhwima wamafakitale komanso kukhathamiritsa kopitilira muyeso, ikusintha kuchoka pakupanga kwachikhalidwe kupita kumayendedwe owonjezera. Malinga ndi Toubao Research Institute, kuyambira 2025 mpaka 2028, msika wa aluminiyamu waku China wamaloboti udzawerengera 40% -50% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi am'deralo pakumangirira mwatsatanetsatane, chithandizo chapamwamba, ndi zina zidzakhala opambana komanso otayika.