Bauxite

I-Bauxite ore ngowona mthombo we-aluminiyam ehlabathini.Intsimbi ekrwada kufuneka iqale igawulwe ngokwekhemikhali ukuze ivelise ialumina (i-aluminiyam oxide).I-alumina ke iyanyibilikiswa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-electrolysis ukuvelisa isinyithi esisulungekileyo se-aluminiyam.I-Bauxite idla ngokufumaneka kumhlaba ongaphezulu obekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zetropiki kunye ne-subtropical.Intsimbi ekrwada ifunyanwa ngokwenza imisebenzi yokwembiwa kwemigodi ngoxanduva lokusingqongileyo.Oovimba beBauxite baxhaphake kakhulu eAfrika, eOceania naseMzantsi Melika.Oovimba kuqikelelwa ukuba baya kuhlala kangangeenkulungwane.

Thatha-Away Facts

I-aluminiyam kufuneka icocwe kwintsimbi ekrwada
Nangona i-aluminiyam iyeyona ntsimbi ixhaphakileyo efumaneka eMhlabeni (i-8 yepesenti ye-crust yeplanethi), isinyithi sisebenza kakhulu kunye nezinye izinto ukuba zenzeke ngokwemvelo.I-Bauxite ore, ehlanjululwe ngeenkqubo ezimbini, ngumthombo oyintloko we-aluminium.
Ulondolozo lomhlaba yeyona nto iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo kushishino
Umlinganiselo wama-80 ekhulwini womhlaba owombiwe ibauxite ubuyiselwa kwindawo yawo yendalo.Umhlaba ongaphezulu osuka kwindawo yokomba ugcinwe ukuze utshintshwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili.

Oovimba baya kuhlala kangangeenkulungwane
Nangona imfuno ye-aluminiyam isanda ngokukhawuleza, oovimba be-bauxite, ngoku baqikelelwa kuma-40 ukuya kuma-75 eebhiliyoni zeetoni zeemetric, kuqikelelwa ukuba baya kuhlala iinkulungwane.IGuinea kunye neOstreliya zineendawo ezimbini ezinkulu eziqinisekisiweyo.

Ubutyebi beendawo zokugcina i-bauxite
IVietnam inokubamba ubutyebi be-bauxite.NgoNovemba ka-2010, inkulumbuso yaseVietnam yabhengeza ukuba indawo yokugcina i-bauxite yelizwe inokufikelela kwi-11 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni.

I-Bauxite 101

I-Bauxite ore ngowona mthombo we-aluminiyam ehlabathini

I-Bauxite lilitye elenziwe ngezinto zodongwe ezibomvu ezibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba we-lateite kwaye lixhaphake ngokufumaneka kwiindawo ezishushu okanye ezishushu.I-Bauxite ngokuyinhloko iqulethwe yi-aluminium oxide compounds (i-alumina), i-silica, i-iron oxides kunye ne-titanium dioxide.Malunga ne-70 yepesenti yemveliso ye-bauxite yehlabathi icokiswa ngenkqubo yekhemikhali ye-Bayer ibe yi-alumina.I-alumina ke iye yahluzwa ibe yintsimbi esulungekileyo ye-aluminiyam ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-electrolytic yeHolo-Héroult.

I-bauxite yemigodi

I-Bauxite idla ngokufunyanwa kufutshane nomhlaba kwaye inokuchithwa ngokwezoqoqosho.Ishishini lithathe indima yobunkokeli kwiinzame zolondolozo lwendalo esingqongileyo.Xa umhlaba ucocwa phambi kombiwa, umhlaba ongaphezulu uyagcinwa ukuze utshintshwe ngexesha lokubuyisela.Ngexesha lokwembiwa kwemigodi, i-bauxite iyaqhawuka ize ikhutshwe emgodini isiwe kwindawo yokuhluza i-alumina.Emva kokuba umgodi ugqityiwe, umhlaba ongaphezulu uyatshintshwa kwaye indawo ibuyele kwinkqubo yokubuyisela.Xa intsimbi ekrwada isembiwa kwiindawo ezinamahlathi, umlinganiselo wama-80 ekhulwini womhlaba ubuyiselwa kwindawo yawo yendalo.

Imveliso kunye noovimba

Ngaphezulu kwe-160 lezigidi zeetoni zeemetric ze-bauxite zombiwa nyaka ngamnye.Iinkokeli kwimveliso ye-bauxite ziquka i-Australia, i-China, i-Brazil, i-India kunye ne-Guinea.Oovimba be-Bauxite baqikelelwa kwi-55 ukuya kwi-75 yeebhiliyoni zee-metric tons, ngokuyinhloko basasazwa kwi-Afrika (i-32 ekhulwini), i-Oceania (i-23 ekhulwini), uMzantsi Melika kunye neCaribbean (i-21 ekhulwini) kunye ne-Asia (i-18 ekhulwini).

Ukujonga phambili: Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwiinzame zokubuyiselwa kwendalo

Iinjongo zokubuyiselwa kokusingqongileyo ziqhubela phambili.Iprojekthi yokubuyisela izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiNtshona Ostreliya ingumzekelo obalaseleyo.Injongo: ukubuyisela inqanaba elilinganayo lobutyebi beentlobo zezityalo kwiindawo ezihlaziyiweyo ezilingana nehlathi laseJarrah elingombiwanga.(Ihlathi laseJarrah lihlathi elide elivulekileyo. IEucalyptus marginata ngowona mthi ubalaseleyo.)

Les Baux, iKhaya laseBauxite

I-Bauxite yathiywa ngegama lelali yaseLes Baux nguPierre Berthe.Le ngcali yokwakheka komhlaba yaseFransi yafumana intsimbi ekrwada kwiindawo ezikufutshane.Waba ngowokuqala ukufumanisa ukuba i-bauxite ine-aluminiyam.