Kwimeko eguquguqukayo yangoku yokurhweba ngentsimbi yehlabathi, imakethi yealuminiyam yaseMntla Melika ikwisiphithiphithi esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili, kwaye inyathelo likaRio Tinto, umvelisi omkhulu we-aluminiyam ehlabathini, lifana nebhombu enzima, iqhubela phambili le ngxaki ukuya kuvuthondaba.

Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeRio Tinto: Isixhobo sokuXhakama kwiMarike

Kutshanje, ngokweengxelo zemithombo yeendaba ngoLwesibini, iRio Tinto Group ikhuphe intlawulo eyongezelelweyo kuyoiimveliso ze-aluminiumithengiswe eUnited States, ichaza uluhlu lwempahla oluphantsi kunye nemfuno eqala ukodlula unikezelo olukhoyo. Ezi ndaba zibangele ngoko nangoko amaza aliwaka kwimarike yealuminiyam yaseMntla Melika. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-United States ngoku ithembele kakhulu ekuboneleleni kwe-aluminium yangaphandle, kunye neKhanada njengomthengisi wayo omkhulu, obala ngaphezu kwe-50% yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Inyathelo likaRio Tinto longeza amafutha ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kwimarike yealuminiyam yase-US esele ixinene ngokugqithisileyo.

Intlawulo eyongeziweyo ebekwe yi-Rio Tinto lolunye unyuso ngokomrhumo okhoyo. Ixabiso le-aluminiyam yase-US sele iquka "i-premium ye-Midwest", eyindleko eyongezelelweyo ephezulu kunexabiso le-benchmark yase-London, ukugubungela ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kwezinto, i-inshurensi, kunye neendleko zemali. Kwaye le ntlawulo intsha yongeza i-1 ukuya kwi-3 yeesenti ngaphezulu kweprimiyamu yaseMidwest. Nangona isixa-mali sinokubonakala sincinci, impembelelo eneneni ifikelela kude. Ngokwemithombo enolwazi, umrhumo owongezelelweyo kunye neprimiyamu yaseMidwest yongeza i-$2006 eyongezelelweyo ngetoni nganye kwixabiso lempahla ekrwada emalunga ne-2830 yeedola, okukhokelela kwiprimiyamu iyonke engaphezulu kwe-70%, engaphezulu nangaphezulu kune-50% yerhafu yokungenisa elizweni esetwe nguTrump. UJean Simard, intloko yeCanadian Aluminium Association, yabonisa ukuba i-50% yentlawulo ye-aluminium ebekwe ngurhulumente wase-US inyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokubamba i-inventory ye-aluminium e-US. Utshintsho lwamaxabiso luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uqoqosho lwentengiselwano yenkxaso-mali, efuna abathengi abanemiqathango yokuhlawula ikhontrakthi engaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukuba bahlawule ixabiso elingaphezulu kokuhlawula iindleko eziphezulu zenkxaso-mali kubavelisi.

Ingabula-zigcawu kwiMirhumo: Ukuqala kokungalingani kweMarike

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, uhlengahlengiso lolawulo lukaTrump kwiirhafu ze-aluminium lube ngunobangela wokungalingani kwimakethi ye-aluminiyam yaseMntla Melika. NgoFebruwari, iTump ibeka i-aluminium intlawulo kwi-25%, kwaye ngoJuni yaphakamisa i-50%, ithi ijolise ekukhuseleni amashishini aseMelika. Lo mlinganiso wenza i-aluminium yaseCanada yabiza kakhulu kwiiprosesa zentsimbi zaseMelika kunye nabathengi, kwaye imakethi yatshintshela ngokukhawuleza ekuthengeni iimpahla zasekhaya kunye notshintshiselwano lwempahla yokugcina impahla.

Imeko yoluhlu lwe-aluminium kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla zeLondon Metal Exchange e-United States bubungqina obuhle kakhulu. Indawo yokugcina impahla e-United States ingaphandle kwe-aluminiyam, kwaye iitoni zokugqibela ze-125 zathathwa ngo-Oktobha. I-inventri yotshintshiselwano, njengesiqinisekiso sokugqibela sobonelelo ngokwasemzimbeni, ngoku iphelelwa ziimbumbulu nokutya. Oyena mvelisi mkhulu we-aluminiyam e-United States, i-Alcoa, ikwathe ngexesha lenkomfa yekota yesithathu yokufumana umvuzo ukuba uluhlu lwasekhaya lwanele kuphela kwiintsuku ezingama-35 zokusetyenziswa, inqanaba elibangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Ngelo xesha, abavelisi be-aluminium baseQuebec bathumela isinyithi esingakumbi eYurophu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwiimarike zase-US. I-Quebec ithatha malunga ne-90% ye-aluminiyam ye-aluminiyam yaseCanada kwaye ikufuphi ne-United States. Ekuqaleni umthengi wendalo kwimarike yase-US, ngoku itshintshile indlela ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu, iqhubela phambili ukunqongophala kobonelelo kwimarike yaseMelika.

Igatya elithile: 'Ungqondongqondo emva kwesehlo' owandisa umbhodamo kwiimarike

Izibonelelo ezithile kwisibhengezo sikamongameli wase-US ziye zayenza mandundu ngakumbi imeko kwimarike ye-aluminiyam yaseMntla Melika. Eli solotya limisela ukuba ukuba isinyithi sinyibilikiswa kwaye sifakwe e-United States, iimveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle ziya kukhululwa kwiirhafu ze-aluminiyam. Lo mmiselo ubonakala ujolise ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loshishino lwe-aluminium yasekhaya e-United States, kodwa ngokwenene uye wadala imfuno engaphezulu ye-aluminium eyenziwe yaseMelika evela kubavelisi bamazwe angaphandle. Abavelisi baphesheya basebenzisa ezi mveliso ze-aluminium ezenziweyo kwaye bazithumele ngaphandle kwerhafu e-United States, becinezela ngakumbi indawo yentengiso yeemveliso ze-aluminium zasekhaya e-United States kwaye bandise ukungalingani kwemfuno yokubonelela kwimarike ye-aluminium yase-US.

Imbono yehlabathi: uMntla Melika ayikuphela 'ibala lokulwa'

Ngokwembono yehlabathi, uxinzelelo kwimakethi ye-aluminiyam yaseMntla Melika ayiyonto izimeleyo. IYurophu, ekwangumrhwebi we-aluminiyam kumazwe angaphandle, ibone ukuhla okumalunga ne-5% kwiipremiyamu zengingqi xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiiveki zamva nje, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokubonelela kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-EU kwimirhumo yokungenisa impahla esekelwe kwi-greenhouse gas ekhutshwayo kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunyaka ozayo, iipremiyamu ziye zaphinda zanda. Abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba imeko yangoku yehlabathi iya kuqhuba ixabiso lebenchmark yehlabathi ukuba liphule i-$ 3000 ngetoni nganye.

UMichael Widmer, intloko yophando lwesinyithi kwiBhanki yaseMelika, wathi ukuba i-US ifuna ukutsala unikezelo lwe-aluminium, kufuneka ihlawule amaxabiso aphezulu ngenxa yokuba i-US ayiyona imarike kuphela enqongopheleyo. Lo mbono ubonisa ngokucacileyo ubunzima obukhoyo obujongene nemarike ye-aluminiyam yaseMntla Melika. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yobonelelo lwe-aluminiyam yehlabathi jikelele, umgaqo-nkqubo wamaxabiso aphezulu wase-United States awuphelelanga nje ekusileleni ngokusebenzayo amashishini asekhaya, kodwa uzifake engxakini enzulu yobonelelo.

Imbono yekamva: Iya phi imarike ukusuka apha

Isehlo sokunyanzeliswa kwentlawulo ye-Rio Tinto ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo savakala silumkisa kwimarike ye-aluminiyam yaseMntla Melika. Abathengi kunye nabarhwebi bachaza imarike yangoku njengephantse ingasebenzi, kwaye intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeRio Tinto lolona phawu lucacileyo lwendlela imirhumo kaTrump yonakalisa ngokunzulu ubume borhwebo. Ixabiso lokuhanjiswa kwe-aluminium e-United States lifike kwimbali ephezulu kwiveki ephelileyo, kwaye intengo yexesha elizayo isagcwele ukungaqiniseki.

Kurhulumente wase-US, nokuba aqhubeke nokuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo yoluhlu lweerhafu eziphezulu kunye nokwandisa ngakumbi isiphithiphithi semarike, okanye ukuphonononga kwakhona imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokufuna intsebenziswano kunye nokuthotyelwa kunye namaqabane orhwebo, kuye kwaba lukhetho olunzima phambi kwethu. Kubathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike ye-aluminium yehlabathi, indlela yokulungelelanisa izicwangciso zokujongana nokunqongophala kokubonelela kunye nokuguquguquka kwexabiso kule ngqungquthela kuya kuba luvavanyo olunzima. Siyakuvela njani esi' saqhwithi 'kwimakethi yealuminiyam yaseMntla Melika, kwaye loluphi utshintsho oluya kwenzeka kumhlaba wentengiso ye-aluminiyam yehlabathi? Kufanelekile ukuba siqhubeke sinikela ingqalelo.