Pa Meyi 13th, boma la India lidapereka chidziwitso ku World Trade Organisation (WTO), pokonzekera kuyika mitengo yamitengo pazinthu zina zaku America zomwe zimatumizidwa ku India potengera mitengo yamtengo wapatali yomwe United States idapereka pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu yaku India kuyambira 2018. ndondomeko zamalonda zamayiko akunja komanso kukhudzidwa kwake kwakukulu pamakampani osagwirizana ndi zitsulo pazakusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zakulimbana ndi malonda
Zomwe zidayambitsa mkanganowu zitha kuyambika ku 2018, pomwe United States idapereka msonkho wa 25% ndi 10% pazitsulo zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zitsulo.zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, motero, pazifukwa za "chitetezo cha dziko". Ngakhale kuti EU ndi mayiko ena azachuma apeza ufulu kudzera pazokambirana, India, monga dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lopanga zitsulo, silinathe kuthawa ziletso za US pazitsulo zake zazitsulo ndi aluminiyamu zomwe zimagulitsidwa pachaka pafupifupi $ 1.2 biliyoni.
India yalephera mobwerezabwereza kuchita apilo ku WTO ndikulemba mndandanda wazoyeserera 28 mu 2019, koma idayimitsa kangapo chifukwa chamalingaliro.
Tsopano, India yasankha kuyitanitsa Pangano la Chitetezo pansi pa dongosolo la WTO, kuyang'ana zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga zinthu zaulimi zaku America (monga ma almond ndi nyemba) ndi mankhwala pofuna kuyesa kutayika kwa mafakitale ake azitsulo zapakhomo pomenyera ndendende.
'The Butterfly Effect' ya Steel Aluminium Industry Chain
Monga gawo lalikulu la makampani osakhala achitsulo, kusinthasintha kwa malonda azitsulo ndi aluminiyamu kumakhudza mitsempha yodziwika bwino ya unyolo wa mafakitale kumtunda ndi kumtunda.
Zoletsa zomwe United States idakhazikitsa pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu zaku India zakhudza mwachindunji pafupifupi 30% yamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati azitsulo ku India, ndipo mabizinesi ena amakakamizika kuchepetsa kupanga kapena kutseka chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo.
M'mayeso apano aku India, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo yamitengo pamankhwala aku America kumatha kukhudzanso mtengo wotumizira zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga fluoride ndi zinthu za anode zomwe zimafunikira pakukonza aluminiyamu.

Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale akuwunika kuti ngati mkangano pakati pa mbali ziwirizi ungapitirire, mphero zazitsulo zaku India ku India zitha kukumana ndi kusinthasintha kwazinthu zopangira, zomwe zitha kukweza mitengo yazinthu zomaliza monga zitsulo zomangira ndi mapanelo amagalimoto.
M'ndondomeko ya "Friendly Outsourcing" yomwe idalimbikitsidwa kale ndi United States, India ikuwoneka ngati gawo lofunikira m'malo mwa njira zogulitsira za China, makamaka m'minda yazitsulo zapadera komanso kukonza kwapadziko lapansi kosowa.
Komabe, kusokonekera kwamitengo kwapangitsa kuti mabungwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana awunikenso momwe amapangira ku India. Kampani yopanga zida zamagalimoto ku Europe yawulula kuti fakitale yake yaku India yayimitsa mapulani okulitsa ndipo ikufuna kuwonjezera mizere yopangira zitsulo ku Southeast Asia.
Masewera Awiri a Geoeconomics ndi Kumanganso Malamulo
Kuchokera pakuwona kwakukulu, chochitikachi chikuwonetsa kulimbana pakati pa njira zapadziko lonse za WTO ndi zochita za mayiko akuluakulu. Ngakhale India idayambitsa njira zotsutsana ndi malamulo amalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, kuyimitsidwa kwa Bungwe la WTO Appellate Body kuyambira 2019 kwasiya chiyembekezo chothetsa mikangano.
Ofesi ya United States Trade Representative idawulula m'mawu ake pa Epulo 21 kuti United States ndi India agwirizana pa "njira yolumikizirana zamalonda," koma kulimba kwa India nthawi ino kuli ndi cholinga chokulitsa tchipisi tamalonda ndi kufunafuna zopindulitsa m'malo monga kusalipira msonkho wachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu kapena misonkho ya digito.
Kwa osunga ndalama m'makampani osakhala achitsulo, masewerawa amakhala ndi zoopsa komanso mwayi. M'kanthawi kochepa, kukwera mtengo kwazinthu zaulimi ku United States kungalimbikitse kukulira kwa mphamvu zopangira zinthu zolowa m'malo monga ma aluminium pre baked anode ndi silicon yamakampani ku India; Pakati pa nthawi yayitali, tikuyenera kukhala tcheru ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwazitsulo padziko lonse lapansi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha "tariff countermeasure".
Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la India rating Agency CRISIL likunena, ngati njira zothana nazo zikwaniritsidwa, kupikisana kwachitsulo ku India kungathe kukwera ndi 2-3 peresenti, koma kukakamizidwa kwa makampani opangira ma aluminiyamu akumaloko kukweza zida zawo kudzakulirakulira.
Masewera a Chess Osamalizidwa ndi Kuzindikira Zamakampani
Pofika nthawi ya atolankhani, United States ndi India adalengeza kuti ayamba kukambirana pamasom'pamaso kumapeto kwa Meyi, kwatsala miyezi iwiri kuti kuyimitsidwa kwamitengo.
Zotsatira zomaliza zamasewerawa zitha kutenga njira zitatu: choyamba, mbali ziwirizi zitha kufikira kusinthana pazokonda m'malo abwino monga.ma semiconductorsndi kugula chitetezo, kupanga mgwirizano wapang'onopang'ono; Kachiwiri, kukwera kwa mkanganowo kudayambitsa mikangano ya WTO, koma chifukwa cha zolakwika za mabungwe, idagwa munkhondo yayitali; Chachitatu ndi chakuti India amachepetsa mitengo yamitengo kumadera omwe si ofunika kwambiri monga katundu wapamwamba ndi ma solar panel kuti agulitse pang'ono kuchokera ku United States.